Apes Agriculture

Food Security

The state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.

Undernutrition

A condition where an individual does not consume enough food to meet their long-term energy needs.

Malnutrition

A condition where an individual does not consume enough key nutrients, such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins.

Vitamin A Deficiency

A condition caused by a lack of vitamin A in the diet, leading to symptoms such as night blindness.

Iron Deficiency

A condition caused by a shortage of hemoglobin, resulting in anemia.

Iodine Deficiency

A condition caused by a lack of iodine in the diet, which is essential for thyroid function and metabolic rates and may result in growth stunts.

Overnutrition

A condition where an individual consumes an excessive amount of food, leading to health problems similar to those caused by undernutrition.

Growing Power

An urban food oasis owned by Will Allen in Milwaukee that uses solar power, produces a variety of vegetables, and runs educational programs.

Industrialized Agriculture

A high-input agricultural system that uses heavy equipment, financial capital, fossil fuels, water, pesticides, fertilizers, and monoculture to produce a large amount of food.

Plantation Agriculture

A form of agriculture practiced in tropical, less developed countries that focuses on cash crops, which are mostly exported to more developed countries.

Traditional Subsistence Agriculture

A type of agriculture that uses animals and human labor to produce enough food for the survival of the farm.

Traditional Intensive Agriculture

A type of agriculture that increases inputs of human and draft animal labor to achieve high crop yields, supporting the family and generating income.

Green Revolution

A period from 1950 to 1970 that involved the use of high-input industrialization to increase crop yields through the use of monocultures, synthetic fertilizers, water, pesticides, and multiple cropping.

Gene Revolution

The use of genetic engineering and gene splicing to manipulate the DNA of animals and plants for specific purposes, such as creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

Feedlot

A concentrated area where animals are kept and fed soybeans, fishmeal, hormones, antibiotics, and other inputs to produce meat.

Aquaculture

The farming of fish and shellfish, which has grown dramatically and now accounts for a significant portion of the world's fish and shellfish supply.

Soil Erosion

The movement of soil components, especially surface litter and topsoil, away from land, often caused by agriculture practices such as plowing and removal of crops.

Desertification

The process in which the productive potential of topsoil falls by 10% or more due to prolonged drought and human activities that expose topsoil to erosion.

Waterlogging

The accumulation of too much water in the soil due to overirrigation, leading to stunted crop growth, lower yields, and other negative impacts.

Biodiversity Loss

The loss of species and genetic diversity in ecosystems, often caused by habitat destruction, conversion of natural habitats to agriculture, and the use of genetically engineered crops.

Genetically Engineered Foods

Foods that have been genetically modified through the process of gene splicing to change segments of DNA, resulting in organisms with desired traits.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The release of gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), into the atmosphere, often caused by agricultural practices such as the use of fossil fuels, synthetic fertilizers, and livestock production.

Soil Salinization

The accumulation of too much salt on topsoil, making the land infertile and unsuitable for agriculture.

Aquifer Depletion

The excessive removal of water from aquifers, often caused by agriculture practices such as irrigation, leading to a decline in water availability and depletion of underground water sources.

Deforestation

The clearing of forests for agricultural purposes, leading to the loss of trees and habitats.

Soil erosion

The process of soil being washed away or blown away, resulting in reduced soil fertility and increased risk of landslides.

Water pollution

The contamination of water bodies due to the runoff of pesticides and fertilizers from agricultural activities, causing harm to aquatic life and human health.

Climate change

The long-term alteration of temperature and weather patterns, largely caused by greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural practices such as livestock farming and deforestation.

Employment opportunities

Job opportunities in farming, agriculture, and related industries, contributing to economic growth and livelihoods.

Economic growth

The contribution of the agricultural sector and related industries to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country, including the export of agricultural products.

Food security

Ensuring access to nutritious food for all, reducing dependence on imports, and reducing hunger and malnutrition.

Rural development

Supporting the development of rural communities through infrastructure development and investment in agriculture.

Cultural impact

The preservation of traditional farming practices and the connection to local food and traditions.

Loss of biodiversity

The extinction of species and destruction of habitats due to agricultural activities, leading to a decrease in the variety of plant and animal life.

Terracing

converting sloped lands into broad near level terraces that reduce topsoil erosion by catching runoff

Contour planting

Planting crops in rows across the slope instead of up and down, rows act as small dams holding topsoil by slowing runoff

Strip-cropping

Alternating strips of row crops with another crop that covers the soil

Alley-cropping(agroforestry)

Plants that add nitrogen to the soil(legumes) are planted together in alleys between trees or shrubs that provide shade and help maintain moisture and reduce water loss

Windbreaks or shelterbelts

Helps reduce wind erosion

Conservation-tillage

uses special tillers and planting machines that inject seeds and fertilizers to minimally disturb topsoil

Hydroponics

Growing plants by exposing roots to nutrient rich water instead of soil

Animal Manure

Dung and urine of farm animals

Green Manure

Recently cut or alive vegetation plowed into topsoil

Compost

Microorganisms break down organic matter to produce compost

Perennial crops

Crops that don’t need to be replanted constantly

People in LDC spend __ of their income on food

40%

Americans spend ___ of income on food. don’t follow the rule of sustainability and full-cost pricing

9%

__ of grain production produced to be consumed

46%

__ used to feed livestock

34%

__ used to make biofuel

20%

The average American adult consumes __ pounds of GMO

193

Between 1950 and 2010 beef pork poultry consumption increased __

6x

China consumes __ of the meat produced

¼

Overgrazing, soil compaction, and erosion degraded __ of the world’s grasslands and pastures

20%

Rangeland grazing and livestock production cause __ of topsoil erosion and sediment pollution

55%

Producing meats produce __ more greenhouse gases per unit of weight than the production of vegetables

10-20 times

__ of all antibiotics in the US added to animal feeds

80%

and __ of the world’s antibiotics added to animal feed

50%

Animals produce __ the amount of waste produced by the human population of that country

130x

__ of fish and shellfish caught

58%

__ produced through aquaculture

42%

__ of fisheries harvested at max capacity

57%

__ fisheries overfished

30%

Blue revolution- 1980-2011 amount of fish produced through agriculture grew

12x

Asia accounting for __ (China __)

88%, 60%

Agriculture uses __ of all energy in the US

20%

Since 1976, the amount of energy per calorie used to produce crops declined by __

50%

Scientists estimate since 1900, we have lost __ of the genetic diversity of crops that existed then.

75%

A Joint Survey by UNEP and WRI indicated topsoil is eroding faster than it forms __ of the world’s croplands.

38%

Desertification: Process in which the productive potential of topsoil falls by __ or more due to prolonged drought and human activities that expose topsoil to erosion.

10%

UN estimates severe soil salinization has reduced yields on at least __of irrigated cropland (__ by 2020).

10% , 30%

In 2010, Agriculture accounted for about __ of freshwater removed

70%

In 2010, Agriculture accounted for about __ of greenhouse

25%

1942-1997, crop losses from insects increased from __ to __, even with a _ increase in pesticide use

7%, 13%, 10x

Every 1 dollar spent on pesticides is __ dollars worth of environmental damage

10-15

__ of food wasted per year, the world wastes _per year

80 million tons, 1.3 billion tons

__ of US cropland uses convention tillage

63%

used on __ of cropland globally

10%