Early Medival and Roman Architecture - ARCH 352

The Roman Empire had been repeatedly besieged by waves of

nomadic people migrating from Central Asia.

The tribes of nomadic people from Central Asia were called

barbarians

The Barbarians eventually overran the frontiers established by Rome and occupied…

the city of Rome in 476.

An arrangement of mutual service and protection between the barbarians and Romans developed into the…

feudal system.

Migrating medieval stonemasons made the ________ a period of extensive and extraordinary building construction.

Middle Ages

As a result of the barbaric invasions most of northern Europe experienced several centuries of…

unsettled life

Charles the Great is

Charlemagne

Charles the Great unified

modern day France.

Charles the Great became the spiritual heir of the Roman Empire, also known as the…

Pope

Charlemagne encouraged architecture by donating lands and money for construction of…

churches and monasteries

Charlemagne encouraged the revival of…

monumental masonry construction

Palatine Chapel, Aiken

16 sided perimeter aisle, with its square and triangular bays covered by barrel and groin vaults, all wrapping a central octagon.

The octagon of the Palatine Chapel is covered by a…

clustered vault.

The main entrance of the Palatine Chapel is dominated by a _____. The western facade include the vestibule, with rooms at one or more levels above, and one or more towers.

westwerk

fill viking

Romanesque Buildings tend to be…

massive and heavy

Most Romanesque buildings tend to rely on…

the mass of continous walls to sustain the weight of the vaulting overhead

Medival builders could not make…

structural calculations. Trial and error based on previous projects formed the basis of building practice.

Monastery of Saint Martin

Example of the process by which monasticism spread.

Ottonian architecture is an extension of…

Caroligian traditions.

Ottonian architecture is refered to as…

the German expression of Romaneaque

Ottonian Church of Saint Michael at Hildersheim is a….

In the ______ the classical heritage of Rome heavily influenced Romanesque Architecture

Southern regions of the Holy Roman Empire

Early Christian Basillica remained the standard church form, seldom having a _______ towers as in Ottoman or Caroligian architecture.

westwerk or attatched

Miniato al Monte in Florence has…

a single pair of aisles that flanks the transeptless nave, which is terminated by a semicircular aspe. It’s facade is articulated on the ground level by five arches supported by Corinthian half-columns.

Cathedral at Pisa

The cathedral is complemented by two adjacent structures, a circular baptistry and a cylindrical campanile, the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa.

The plan of S. Ambrigio, Milan continue early Christian practice through,

rib vaults, aracded atrium, semicircular apse. and smaller semicircular cgaoeks at the ends of vaulted aisles.

Saint James at Composteia

The basilican church was modified by the monks to include an abulatory to accomadate the pilgrims. At the east end, it has radiating chapels. It was planned with a full completement of nine towers.

Saint Sermin at Toulouse

Nearly 360 feet long, with a width and nave aisles totaling about 100 feet. Has a traingular cross section.

Saint Foy, Conques

Has a singular pair of ailses flanking the nave. Over the crossing is an onctogonal lantern built on a squinch, a series of corbeled arches that makes the transition from square bay ti an octagon.

Over the crossing is an octagonal ______ built on a squinch, a series of corbeled arches that makes the transition from a square bay to an octagon

lantern

tympanum

the semicircular panel created under the arch of a doorway

Cluny III

The church of _____ had the features of mature Romanesque architecture, for it was appropriate to the monastery’s importance that its major church should be the largest and most splendid in Christendom. Based on the basilican plan, the church was enriched by a double set of transepts and further augmented by a series of radiating chapels around the apse and eastern walls of the transepts. The nave, 100 feet high and 496 feet long, was large enough to accommodate impressive processions and was flanked by two aisles on each side, the innermost pair of which continued around the choir as an ambulatory, linking the five radiating chapels of the east end.

Stereotomy

Stonecutting

Aquitane, Seventy Churches

_______ has a series of some ____________ with domes, an atypical feature in Western medieval architecture. That they reflect Byzantine influence is strongly implied by their use of pendentives, a characteristically Eastern device.

Cistercian

_______ monasteries had straightforward, orderly plans based on a square module, devoid of the elaborate articulation of many Cluniac designs.

Normans

Viking Settlers became the…

St. Etienne at Caen

Norman Church

St. Cuthbert

One of the best preserved Norman Churches