Psyc exam 4 mikitch

Androgen is to estrogen as ____ is to ____

Testes; ovaries

a fetus's bilogical sex can be determined at around

the end of the first trimester

___ is an androgen that plays a role in determining fetal genetalia

Testosterone

Male's are better at ___ females are better at ____

spatial, verbal

transsexual

A transsexual undergoes social transition often through surgery

female and male chromosomal arrangement

F (XX), M (XY), both in 23rd pair

female born with missing/incomplete x chromosome

Turner's syndrome

male that acquire extra x chromosome during prenatal

Klinefelter's syndrome

gender identity refers to

sense of being either male or female

children demonstrate understanding of gender role by age of

2 to 3 years

an androgynous individual

exhibits behaviors associated with both genders

people whose gender expression and identity don’t match natal gender

transgender

initial study of human sexual response cycle conducted by

william masters and virginia johnson

sequence of human sexual response cycle

excitement-plateau-orgasm-resolution

shortest phase in HSRC

orgasm

who experience refractory period where they cant obtain another org

men

what is thicker in gay men than straight men

Corpus callosum

which group was underrepresented in Kinsey's sample

African- Americans

sex is correlated with

greater life expectancy, slimmer waistline, lower risk of prostate and breast cancer

98% of undergrads report ___ as hookup behavior

Kissing

in the US the average age of first marriage is ___ for women and ___ for men

27, 29

emphasis on abstinence in sex ed courses is linked with

higher teenage pregnancy rates

approximately ___ have used phones to send sexual pictures of themselves

1 in 7

what fraction of people experience sexual dysfunction

one-third

which of these transmitted infections is bacterial

herpes, warts, HIV, gonorrhea<---

which STI is viral

herpes<---, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis

about ___% of new STI cases in the US occur in ages 15-24

50

HIV was identified in

1981

what number of people have died of HIV complications since it was identified

32 million

how many people are HIV-positive in the US

1.1 mill

HIV is the leading cause of death in

sub-Saharan Africa

cultural rules specifying "appropriate" sexual activities are called sexual

scripts

uncommon sexual acts are called

paraphilias

Klismaphilia entails arousal by

enemas

Voyeurism is

watching unsuspecting people undress / engage in sex

surgical procedure in stone age involved drilling holes in skull to expel evil spirits and abnormal behavior

Trephination

First "asylums" in 16 century were developed by

religious groups

___ worked to improve conditions in Paris asylums

Philippe Pinel

American schoolteacher ___ led "mental hygiene movement", to reform asylums in US

Dorothea Dix

Creation of first ed of DSM occurred in ___ and is in it's ___

1952, 5th edition

mass movement to move patients out of institutions and integrate them with society

Deinstitutionalization

length of psychiatric hospital stay is determined by patient's needs

false

if individuals cannot receive treatment in mental health facilities where else are they ending up

homeless on the streets and in jails/prisons

In US approximately one in ___ inmates have debilitating psychological disorders

five

therapy that refers to drugs and other medical means that target biological basis of disorder

biomedical

"talk therapy" refers to

psychotherapy

a doctor that combines methods to treat a client is using a ___ approach

eclectic

A doctor telling a client to say anything on their mind regardless of what it is, is using what psychoanalytic technique

Free association

___ accordign to Freud are a pathway to unconscious thoughts & desires

dreams

is negative regard part of "person-centered therapy"?

no positive is

term used to describe warm & accepting client-therapist relationship

therapeutic alliance

which behavioral therapy treatment technique is a combo of anxiety hierarchies and relaxation techniques

systematic desensitization

what therapy aims to address maladaptive thinking that leads to maladaptive behaviors and feelings

cognitive

student saying "im a bad student" but good GPA is what cognitive distortion

Arbitrary interference

"if i dont pass this quiz I will fail the course" is what cognitive distortion

Magnification

who developed rational behavioral therapy/REBT

Ellis

Behavioral therapies advantages

work fast, reduced time and cost, easy to operationalize

Psychotropic meds are prescribed by

psychiatrists

SRRIs

Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, work by inhibit reuptake of serotonin

possible side effect of SRRI

fatigue, weight gain, sexual dysfunction

drug for bipolar depression called "mood-normalizer"

Lithium

Imbalance of which 2 neurotransmitters play role in bipolar disorder

glutamate and serotonin

Benzodiaepines easy anxiety by enhancing effect of ____ becuase it decreases some types of neural activity

GABA; decreases

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) which induces seizures through electrical currents has been used to

treat severe depression unresponsive to drug management

side effect of ECT

anterograde amnesia, retrograde amnesia, confusion

President Kennedy's sister underwent what procedure (removing part of frontal lobe)

Lobotomy

most widely used self-help group

AA

what therapy explores relationship probs rather than symptoms of particular disorders

Family

how many mental health apps are currently available to consumers

10,000

problem with mental health apps

lack efficacy and evidence-based practice

average cost range for 60 min therapy session

80-250

mental health care order

type of therapy, cost, therapist.

refers to individual's unique and consistent behavioral traits

personality

what is a personality trait

durable disposition to behave in particular manner

Personality can be viewed from what two perspectives

trait theorists(defined and organized traits), Freud’s structure of personality(defined personality structure)q

Gordon Allport

first theorist to make distinction between traits and importance, started by looking at dictionary 4500 words identified, organized traits into three levels

Cardinal trait

dominant trait that influences all of person’s behavior, can be overwhelming

Central personality trait

influence behavior in most situations, building blocks of personality, most peeps have 5-10 central traits

Secondary traits

influence behave in certain situations, peeps may normally be outgoing but shy in group

Hans Eysenck

two major dimensions of personality, introversion vs extroversion & stable vs unstable

McCrae and Costa’s “big five” or “five factor model of personality”

Neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness

Freud’s structure of personality 3 traits

Id, Ego, Superego

Freud’s Id

Primitive, instinctive, operates on instant gratification or pleasure principle(PP)

Freud’s Ego

decision making, reality principle, considers social norms, mediates with id and world, uses secondary process thinking-rational

Freud’s superego

moral component of personality, emerges last, incorporates social standards

Freud’s Defense Mechanisms

largely unconscious reactions to protect from anxiety and guilt, develop in latency stage

Freud’s Repression

keeps distressing thoughts and feelings buried in unconscious

Freud’s Projection

attributing one’s thoughts/feelings/motives to another person

Freud’s Displacement

involves diverting emotional feelings from original to substitute

Freud’s Reaction Formaiton

behaving in ways exactly opposite to feelings

Freud’s Regression

reversion to immature patterns of behavior

Freud’s Rationalization

creating false but plausible explanation to justify behavior

Freud’s Identification

bolstering self-esteem by forming real/imaginary alliance with group/person

Social Psychology

field that focuses on people are influenced by presence of others

social psychology bridges gap between

psychology and sociology

American social psyc focus more on ___ and European focus on ___

interpersonal relationships, Group level dynamics

Interpersonal attraction

positive feelings we have towards another person, lead to formation of relationships

Close relationships

long-lasting, interact frequently, impact interactions strong, four basic types- family, friends, work and romantic

Factors that attract others

proximity, similarity, reciprocity, arousal, familiarity, physical attractiveness

Benefits of Social interaction

attention, soothing, praise, stimulation, sharing, affection, social comparison