Lecture 5: Sleep and Dreams

A series of vocabulary flashcards designed to reinforce key terms and concepts related to sleep, dreams, and consciousness as covered in Lecture 5.

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A device that monitors electrical activity of the brain over time using electrodes attached to the scalp.

Electromyography (EMG)

A technique that records muscular activity and movement.

Electrooculograph (EOG)

A device that records eye movements.

Electrocardiograph (EKG)

A machine that records the contractions of the heart.

Theta waves

Brain waves associated with light sleep.

Delta waves

Low frequency brain waves prominent in deep sleep.

Non-REM sleep

The stages of sleep excluding REM, characterized by calm and restorative processes.

REM sleep

Rapid Eye Movement sleep, during which dreaming occurs and muscles are deeply relaxed.

Sleep Rebound Effect

The phenomenon where someone deprived of REM sleep will experience it immediately during the next sleep cycles.

Insomnia

Chronic difficulty in falling asleep, remaining asleep, or waking up too early.

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder characterized by sudden attacks of refreshing sleep during waking periods.

Sleep Apnea

A disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep, disrupting sleep.

Somnambulism

Also known as sleepwalking, a condition where a person walks or performs other actions while asleep.

Night Terrors

A sleep disorder characterized by sudden awakenings with extreme fear and panic.

Hypnosis

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility.

Meditation

A practice to heighten awareness and mental processes, often leading to altered states of consciousness.

Psychoactive Drugs

Chemicals that alter mental, emotional, perceptual, and behavioral functioning.

Stimulants

Substances that stimulate the central nervous system, increasing alertness and energy.

Depressants

Drugs that reduce the activity of the central nervous system, often causing relaxation.

Narcotics

Substances that increase relaxation and relieve pain, often associated with opiate drugs.

Hallucinogens

Drugs that cause significant alterations in perception, mood, and cognitive processes.

Circadian Rhythms

24-hour biological cycles that influence physiological processes in living organisms.

Jet Lag

Changes in the body's internal clock due to rapid travel across time zones.

Daydreaming

A spontaneous form of thinking that involves a shift in awareness but is controllable.