Nature, extent, and treatment of opposition Communist Cuba

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7 Terms

1
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List opposition

  • moderates, liberals, and ex-Batista supporters

  • Armed counter-revolutionary groups in the Escambray Mountains

  • Bay of Pigs invasion

  • the Catholic Church

  • Dissidents in 1970s-80s

2
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Describe the nature, extent and treatment of moderates, liberals, and ex-Batista supporters as opposition to Communist Cuba

Nature

  • Early opposition included moderates, liberals, and ex-Batista supporters who expected elections

Extent

  • many fled into exile.

Treatment

  • By 1961, almost all organised domestic opposition was suppressed.

3
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Describe the nature, extent and treatment of armed counter-revolutionary groups in the Escambray Mountains as opposition to Communist Cuba

Armed counter-revolutionary groups in the Escambray Mountains (1960–65)

Extent /Nature

received limited US support

Treatment

defeated by the FAR, with heavy losses (thousands killed or imprisoned).

4
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Describe the nature, extent and treatment of the Bay of Pigs invasion as opposition to Communist Cuba

Bay of Pigs invasion (April 1961)

  • involved 1,400 Cuban exiles backed by the CIA

    • 118 killed

  • failed disastrously (defeated in 2 days)

  • defeat allowed Castro to claim legitimacy as defender of Cuban sovereignty

  • label opponents as “imperialist puppets.”

5
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Describe the nature, extent and treatment of the Church as opposition to Communist Cuba

Nature/extent

Religious opposition existed but was restricted

Treatment

  • the Catholic Church was marginalised after 1961

    • over 100 priests were expelled.

  • By the late 1960s, the Church was allowed limited space but was kept under surveillance.

6
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Describe dissidents in the 1970s-80s

  • Dissidents in the 1970s–80s were monitored, imprisoned, or forced into exile

  • Mariel boatlift (1980) saw 125,000 Cubans leave for the US

    • shows the scale of opposition willing to escape rather than fight.

7
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What was the general nature of opposition

Overall, opposition was fragmented, weakened by exile, and effectively controlled by surveillance and repression.