Healy: Road to Revolution revised: 2022

Independence is ____________.

free from control

What was the Mother Country of the 13 Colonies?

England a.k.a. Great Britain/United Kingdom

Refusing to import (take in) goods from another country is called __________.

non-importation

delegate

representative

A ______________ is a formal expression of opinion (a sacred promise)

resolution

What was the slogan or the cry of the colonists who wanted a voice in Parliament?

"no taxation without representation"

Stamp Act (1765)

This law placed taxes on newspapers, dice, playing cards, and legal documents (wills, marriage license, etc; basically ALL paper/printed items).

This important meeting took place in New York City and was attended by representatives from 9 of the colonies to discuss how to react to the Stamp Act. The Congress wrote a resolution to Parliament and the King rejecting the Stamp Act, declaring their loyalty to the King, and asserting the right that the colonists could not be taxed by Parliament without representation in it.

The Stamp Act Congress

True or False: all of the reactions to the Stamp Act were peaceful.

False

Due the boycott of British goods, Parliament __________ the Stamp Act in 1766. The colonists were happy with this decision!

repealed

Sugar Act (1764)

This law placed a tax on sugar, molasses, coffee, and indigo.

What was the Proclamation of 1763?

Stated the colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Why did Britain create the Proclamation of 1763?

To prevent more fighting with the Natives.

How did most American settlers respond to the Proclamation of 1763?

Most were unhappy with this law; many settlers ignored the Proclamation of 1763 and moved west anyway, at their own risk.

What is Parliament?

Group of representatives, elected by the citizens of Great Britain, who make laws/pass taxes in London, England.

Townshend Acts (1767)

Placed duties (taxes) on tea, paper, lead, glass, and paint

Items taxed under Townshend Acts (glass, paint, lead, tea, paper) had to be _____________ since the colonists could not make them themselves. This continued to anger the colonists because they still did not have representation in Parliament!

imported

The British repealed the Townshend Acts, except for the tax on _________in March 1770. As a result, the colonists continued the boycott on this item because they still had no representation!

tea

What company lost of a lot of money due to the boycott of British tea?

The British East India Company

Tea Act (1773)

Law passed by Parliament in order to save the British East India Company from bankruptcy.

As a result of the Tea Act, the British East India Company was allowed to sell tea ____________ to the colonists, which eliminated tea merchants.

directly

Why were the colonists so angry about the Tea Act if it made the BEIC tea the cheapest tea in town?

The tax on tea was still there, and the colonists still were not given representation in Parliament. They were being treated as 2nd class citizens and felt they were being tricked into paying the tea tax.

In order to protest against the Tea Act, the Sons of Liberty organized the _____________ on December 16, 1773.

The Boston Tea Party

Coercive/Intolerable Acts (1774)

These acts were passed to punish the people of Boston/Massachusetts as a result of the Boston Tea Party

-closed Boston Harbor; warships blockaded the city.

-banned town meetings in Boston

-strengthened the Quartering Act

-British officers accused of crimes would stand trial in London

What did the British call the acts that were passed in 1774?

The Coercive Acts

What did the colonists call the acts that were passed in 1774?

The Intolerable Acts

This act required colonists to provide shelter/housing (living quarters) to British soldiers in their homes. Also, an earlier version said the colonists had to provide candles, bedding, and beverages.

Quartering Act

Declaratory Act (1766)

This act was passed after the repeal of the Stamp Act.

This act declared that Parliament had the right to tax the colonies in the future at any time.

What event put Britain deeply in debt? As a result, Parliament began taxing the colonies directly.

French and Indian War

Why were taxes placed on the colonists?

To make $ in order to pay off the debt from the French and Indian War.

Who were the Sons of Liberty and how did they protest certain acts?

A secret group of Patriots who wanted independence from England and representation in Parliament. Sam Adams was the leader of the Sons of Liberty in Boston.

*They protested by doing the following: Boston Tea Party, meeting at Liberty trees, displaying effigies, tarring and feathering tax collectors/Loyalists, etc.. harassment of tax officials, boycotts, signing non-importation agreements, etc...

Who were the Daughters of Liberty?

The colonial women who supported the efforts of Sons of Liberty,

* They wrote letters as part of Committees of Correspondence and produced homemade clothing and liberty tea, rather than import taxed goods/luxury textiles or cloth from Britain.

Both the Sons of Liberty and the Daughters of Liberty _________________against British policies.

protested

Instead of wearing luxury clothing imported from England, the Daughters of Liberty used homespun cloth to make their own ______________.

clothing

How was propaganda used by Revere after the Boston Massacre?

The engraving of the Boston Massacre showed the British guards firing into a crowd of "unarmed" colonial citizens. It depicted the British as ruthless killers and was completely one-sided and inaccurate. It was one of the most successful uses of propaganda in America's history.

Who was Crispus Attucks?

Part African, part Native American dock worker killed in the Boston Massacre.

He became a famous martyr as being the first casualty of the American Revolution; also was considered one of the biggest instigators of the crowd.

What occurred at the Boston Tea Party?

Colonists, including the Sons of Liberty, boarded 3 British East India Company ships to dump 342 crates of tea into the Boston Harbor ($1,000,000 worth of tea in today's money) as a protest to the Tea Act..

The Boston Tea Party occurred on ____________ 16, 1773.

December

What was the First Continental Congress and where did they meet?

It was the first meeting of delegates from most of the colonies (12) to discuss steps needed to protest the Intolerable Acts; each colony was advised to form militias and stockpiling weapons (just in case).

They met in Philadelphia, PA.

Date: September 1774

In response to the ______________ Acts, delegates from 12 of the colonies met at the First Continental Congress.

*Georgia didn't attend.

Intolerable

The First Continental Congress decided to boycott all British goods and stop _____________ goods to Britain until the Intolerable Acts were repealed.

exporting

At the First Continental Congress, the Congress drafted the Declaration of Resolves and sent it to King George. This document outlined the colonists' grievances (________________).

complaints

The _________________ were militia volunteers who could be ready to fight at a moment's notice

minutemen

_________________ is information designed to influence opinion

Propaganda

A _________________ was a colonist who did not consider unfair taxes and. regulations sufficient cause for rebellion

Loyalist

This term means to cancel.

repeal

A ______________ is when a person and/or group refuses to buy something from someone and/or a country.

boycott

Groups of citizen soldiers is known as the __________________.

Militia

Incoming money is called ________________.

revenue

A ________________was a colonist who was determined to fight the British until America won its independence

Patriot

An introduction to a document:

preamble

An ____________ was a rag-doll figure. These were often made to represent British officials or tax collectors.

effigy

A _____________ is a formal request.

petition

An organization that spread political ideas throughout the colonies. Members would write letters to various "sister" colonies so all were informed of events in a timely matter; they also circulated pamphlets around the colonies that explained the colonists' grievances against the British.

committees of correspondence

Legal documents that allowed customs officers to enter any location to search for smuggled goods. Similar to a modern-day search warrant.

writs of assistance

This incident occurred on March 5, 1770, and is also known as the "Incident on Kings Street."

The Boston Massacre

In 1768, warships with 4,000 troops arrived to this city because there was so much resistance to the unwanted laws passed by Parliament.

Boston

Who produced the engraving, "The Bloody Massacre" in relation to the Boston Massacre?

Paul Revere

As the engraving "The Bloody Massacre" spread all over the colonies, it made the colonists __________ with the British.

It was one of the sparks that helped ignite the Revolutionary War.

furious

This gentleman was a lawyer in Boston and was involved in the court trial after the Boston Massacre. He defended the British soldiers arguing they acted in self-defense. Furthermore, he was also the second U.S. President.

John Adams

True or False: ALL of the soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre were found guilty of murder.

False

This gentleman said at the First Continental Congress, "I am not a Virginian, but an American." His other famous words are, "...Give me liberty or give me death."

Patrick Henry

The King of England during the time of new taxes in the colonies.

King George III