Pearson Edexcel International GCSE 91 History Germany Development of Dictatorship 1918-45 Student Book

What was the key outcome of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling of 1954?

Separate facilities are inherently unequal.

What were the main aims of the Nazi Party as outlined in the 25 Point Programme?

Destroying the Treaty of Versailles, uniting all Germans, and prioritizing Aryan blood for national membership.

What event marked the start of Hitler's rise to power?

Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933.

What did the Enabling Act allow Hitler to do?

Pass laws without the approval of the Reichstag.

What was the Night of the Long Knives?

A purge in which Hitler eliminated SA leaders and potential rivals, consolidating his power.

How did the Nazis control education in Germany?

By altering curricula to include Nazi ideology and emphasizing physical fitness and loyalty to the state.

What was the significance of the Reichstag Fire?

It was used by the Nazis to justify the suspension of civil liberties and the arrest of political opponents, particularly Communists.

What were the Nuremberg Laws?

Laws that excluded Jews from German citizenship and prohibited marriage between Jews and Aryans.

How did the Nazis manage to reduce unemployment by 1939?

Through public works programs and rearmament, as well as creating jobs in military and infrastructure projects.

What was the significance of Kristallnacht?

It marked a turning point in Nazi anti-Jewish policy, escalating from social discrimination to violent persecution.

What was the role of the SS in Nazi Germany?

To act as a state police force and oversee concentration camps, ensuring the enforcement of Nazi policy and terror.

What was the impact of Nazi propaganda?

It aimed to indoctrinate the German population with pro-Nazi messages, suppress dissent, and promote Aryan superiority.

What was the purpose of the Hitler Youth?

To indoctrinate young people in Nazi ideology and prepare boys for military service and girls for motherhood.

What measures were taken against the Churches by the Nazis?

Efforts to control and suppress religious influence, such as banning religious youth groups and censoring religious education.

How did the Allies' bombing affect German civilians during WWII?

It caused widespread destruction, high civilian casualties, and contributed to a decline in morale and living conditions.

What was the significance of the Four Year Plan?

To prepare Germany for war through economic self-sufficiency and increased military production.

How many Jews were estimated to have died during the Holocaust?

Approximately six million Jews were killed.

What was the main focus of the Munich Agreement of 1938?

To allow Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia, in hopes of avoiding war.

What did the term 'Lebensraum' refer to in Nazi ideology?

The concept of acquiring 'living space' for the German people, particularly in Eastern Europe.

What was the impact of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact?

It was a non-aggression treaty between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union that allowed for the division of Eastern Europe.

What was the Munich Agreement's outcome for Czechoslovakia?

Czechoslovakia lost its border defenses and sovereignty over the Sudetenland without being consulted.

What role did the Gestapo play in Nazi Germany?

The Gestapo was the secret police responsible for suppressing opposition and conducting investigations.

What was Operation Barbarossa?

The code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941.

What was the significance of the Battle of Stalingrad?

It marked a turning point in WWII, with the Soviet Union gaining the upper hand over Germany.

How did Hitler's foreign policy contribute to WWII?

His aggressive expansionism and violation of treaties directly led to the outbreak of war.

What was the Holocaust?

The systematic genocide of six million Jews and millions of others by the Nazis during WWII.

What were the economic repercussions of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?

The treaty imposed heavy reparations, leading to economic instability and resentment that contributed to the rise of the Nazis.

What was the primary goal of the Nazi Party?

To establish a totalitarian regime based on Aryan supremacy.

When did Hitler publish Mein Kampf?

In 1925, outlining his ideology and plans for Germany.

What was the significance of the Beer Hall Putsch?

Hitler's failed coup in 1923 led to his imprisonment and broader recognition.

How did the Great Depression affect Germany?

It exacerbated economic hardships, leading to increased support for extremist parties.

What was the SS and its function?

The Schutzstaffel (SS) was a paramilitary organization tasked with enforcing Nazi policies and protecting Hitler.

What were death camps primarily used for during the Holocaust?

They were intended for the mass extermination of Jews and other targeted groups.

What was the importance of the Wannsee Conference?

It was where Nazi leaders formalized plans for the Final Solution regarding the Jewish Question.

What role did propaganda play in Nazi Germany?

It was crucial for shaping public opinion and promoting Nazi ideology.

What form of government did Hitler establish after 1933?

A dictatorship where he held absolute power.

What was the Night of Broken Glass?

A coordinated attack on Jewish businesses and synagogues on November 9-10, 1938.

What territories did Germany annex before WWII?

Austria and the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.

What was the primary objective of the Blitzkrieg tactic?

To achieve quick victories through fast and coordinated attacks.

How did Britain and France respond to Germany's rearmament?

They initially followed a policy of appeasement, hoping to avoid conflict.

What was the purpose of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact?

To avoid conflict between Germany and the Soviet Union and secretly divide Eastern Europe.

What marked the beginning of World War II in Europe?

The invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany on September 1, 1939.

What role did the Luftwaffe play during WWII?

The Luftwaffe was the German Air Force responsible for bombing campaigns.

What was Operation Overlord?

The code name for the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944.

What was the significance of D-Day?

It marked the beginning of the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi occupation.

When did Hitler die, and how?

He died by suicide on April 30, 1945, in his Berlin bunker.

What was Germany's fate after WWII?

It was divided into East and West Germany and occupied by Allied forces.