IP3 triggers the release of intracellular calcium and also aids DAG in the activation of protein kinase C which leads to the regulation of other enzymes through protein phosphorylation
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31
What is a nonessential fatty acid?
our bodies can produce these fatty acids
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32
What is the common name of this fatty acid?
20:4 (5,8,11,14)
arachidonic acid
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33
What three molecules does the metabolism of arachidonic acid produce and what do each of them regulate?
prostaglandin: regulates pain
thromboxane: regulates platelet aggregation
leukotriene: regulates smooth muscles (lungs)
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34
List the following types of fatty acids in order from highest melting point to lowest.
mono unsaturated
saturated
poly unsaturated
saturated > mono unsaturated > poly unsaturated
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35
What is the general structure of a wax?
a long chain fatty acids attached via ester bond to a long chain alcohol
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36
Describe the relationship between solubility and carbon amount in fatty acids.
As the carbon chain increases, the solubility decreases.
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37
What type of fatty acid is this and why?
poly unsaturated there is more than one double bond
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38
What is an essential fatty acid? (give an example)
our bodies cannot produce these fatty acids
ex: omega-3 (linolenic acid) 18:3 (9, 12, 15)
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39
What is the common name of this fatty acid?
12:0
lauric acid
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40
What functional group is this?
acyl
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41
What is the main biological function of triacylglycerol? What is another function?
fuel storage insulation
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42
How do aspirin and ibuprofen work?
they work by inhibiting the enzyme COX which then decreases the production of thromboxane and prostaglandins
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43
Describe saponification.
triacylglycerol reacted with a base (NaOH or 2KOH) and heated to form glycerol and soap (K+ salts of fatty acids)
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44
Describe the 4 fat-soluble vitamins and their functions.
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