Studied by 84 people
What is the name of this molecule and what category of lipids does it fit into?
triacylglycerol
storage lipids
What is the main function of structural lipids?
support of biological membranes
What is the name, category, and net charge of this lipid?
phosphatidylglycerol
glycerophospholipid
net -1
What does the following carbon skeleton tell you about the structure of the fatty acid?
18:2 (9,12)
common name: linoleic acid
there are 18 carbons with 2 double bonds between carbons 9-10 and 12-13
What is the name of this molecule and what category of lipids does it fit into?
glycerophosolipid
phospholipids (structural lipids)
What is the name and category of this lipid?
glucosylcerebroside
sphingolipid (glycolipid)
What is the name of this molecule and what category of lipids does it fit into?
sphingolipid
phospholipids (structural lipids)
What is the name, category, and net charge of this lipid?
phosphatidylethanolamine
glycerophospholipid
net 0
What is the common name of this fatty acid?
20:0
arachidic acid
What type of bond attaches fatty acids in sphingolipids?
amide bond
What is the name and category of this lipid?
sphingomyelin
sphingolipids (glycolipids)
What is the most decorated biomolecule of all time?
cholesterol
What is the name of this molecule and what category of lipids does it fit into?
sphingolipid glycolipids (structural lipids)
What is cholesterol a precursor of?
Vitamin D bile salts hormones
What is the name, category, and net charge of this lipid?
phosphatidylcholine
glycerophospholipid
net 0
What is the common name of this fatty acid?
18:0
stearic acid
What are the main features of cholesterol?
made of 27 carbons has a steroid nucleus amphipathic with polarity at C3 due to an OH group four ring structures: 3 six ring and 1 five ring
What type of fatty acid is this and why?
saturated there are no double bonds
What is the name, category, and net charge of this lipid?
phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate
glycerophospholipid
don't worry about charge for this lipid
What are the sterols called in mammals, plants, and fungi?
cholesterol stigmasterol ergosterol
What is the common name of this fatty acid?
14:0
myristic acid
What is the name, category, and net charge of this lipid?
phosphatidylserine
glycerophospholipid
net -1
What is the general structure of a fatty acid?
polar head group hydrocarbon chain
What are the names of the four phospholipases?
phospholipase A1, A2, C, and D
What configuration of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids has the highest melting point?
trans-configuration
What is the common name of this fatty acid?
16:0
palmitic acid
What is a phosphodiester bond?
2 ester bonds at different sides of the phosphate
What type of fatty acid is this and why?
mono unsaturated there is only one double bond
What type of fatty acids are on carbons 1 and 2 of a glycerophospholipid?
carbon 1: saturated carbon 2: unsaturated
What are the two products of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis? What do they do?
inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) diacylglycerol (DAG)
IP3 triggers the release of intracellular calcium and also aids DAG in the activation of protein kinase C which leads to the regulation of other enzymes through protein phosphorylation
What is a nonessential fatty acid?
our bodies can produce these fatty acids
What is the common name of this fatty acid?
20:4 (5,8,11,14)
arachidonic acid
What three molecules does the metabolism of arachidonic acid produce and what do each of them regulate?
prostaglandin: regulates pain
thromboxane: regulates platelet aggregation
leukotriene: regulates smooth muscles (lungs)
List the following types of fatty acids in order from highest melting point to lowest.
mono unsaturated
saturated
poly unsaturated
saturated > mono unsaturated > poly unsaturated
What is the general structure of a wax?
a long chain fatty acids attached via ester bond to a long chain alcohol
Describe the relationship between solubility and carbon amount in fatty acids.
As the carbon chain increases, the solubility decreases.
What type of fatty acid is this and why?
poly unsaturated there is more than one double bond
What is an essential fatty acid? (give an example)
our bodies cannot produce these fatty acids
ex: omega-3 (linolenic acid) 18:3 (9, 12, 15)
What is the common name of this fatty acid?
12:0
lauric acid
What functional group is this?
acyl
What is the main biological function of triacylglycerol? What is another function?
fuel storage insulation
How do aspirin and ibuprofen work?
they work by inhibiting the enzyme COX which then decreases the production of thromboxane and prostaglandins
Describe saponification.
triacylglycerol reacted with a base (NaOH or 2KOH) and heated to form glycerol and soap (K+ salts of fatty acids)
Describe the 4 fat-soluble vitamins and their functions.
Vitamin A: aids in increasing vision
Vitamin D: needed for bone formation
Vitamin E: "antioxidants"
Vitamin K: aids in the blood coagulation process
Note 
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