3B - Alkenes + Halogenoalkanes

Are halogenoalkanes soluble in water?

Insoluble as C-H bonds are non-polar

Do halogenoalkanes have a polar bond?

Yes polar, as halogen has a higher electronegativity than C

When would halogenoalkanes have a higher boiling point?

Increased carbon chain length, halogen further down group 7

What is the most important factor in determining reactivity?

Carbon-halogen bond enthalpy

What is the order of reactivity of halogenoalkanes?

Bond enthalpy of C-X decreases down the group so reactivity increases down the group

What is a nucleophile?

A negatively charged ion with a lone pair of electrons

What are 3 examples of nucleophiles?

OH-, CN-, NH3

What is nucleophilic substitution?

A reaction where a nucleophile donates a lone pair of electrons to the slightly positive carbons atom

What are needed for the elimination reaction of haloalkanes?

NaOH or KOH dissolved in ethanol, heated

What is formed in the elimination reaction of haloalkanes?

An alkene, water and halogen ion

What three categories can all halogenoalkanes be separated into?

Primary, secondary and tertiary

What is an elimination reaction?

A hydroxide ion removes a hydrogen ion from the halogenalkane