AppendixB. powerpoint

Dendrites

Branch-like structures of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.

Axon

A long, thin structure that transmits electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body.

Synapse

The junction between two neurons where information is transmitted.

Action potential

A rapid change in electrical charge across a neuron's membrane, signaling the transmission of a nerve impulse.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals released by neurons that transmit signals across the synapse.

Preganglionic sympathetic neuron

A neuron that extends from the central nervous system to a ganglion in the autonomic nervous system.

Postganglionic sympathetic neuron

A neuron that connects from the ganglion to the target organ in the autonomic nervous system.

Sympathetic ganglion

Clusters of nerve cell bodies in the sympathetic nervous system.

Sensory neuron

A neuron that carries sensory information from the body to the central nervous system.

Dorsal root ganglion

A cluster of sensory neurons located near the spinal cord.

Gray matter

Areas of the brain and spinal cord with a high concentration of neuronal cell bodies.

White matter

Areas of the brain and spinal cord that are mostly made up of myelinated axons.

Cholinergic fibers

Nerve fibers that release acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.

Adrenergic fibers

Nerve fibers that release norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter.

Corpus cavernosum

A sponge-like region of erectile tissue that fills with blood during an erection.

Bulbospongiosus muscle

A muscle that aids in the expulsion of urine and contributes to penile erection.

Onuf's nucleus

A group of motor neurons located in the spinal cord that innervate pelvic floor muscles.

Cerebellum

A region of the brain that coordinates voluntary movements and balance.

Thalamus

A brain structure that relays sensory signals to the cerebral cortex.

Hypothalamus

A brain region that controls autonomic functions and regulates hormones.

Pudendal nerve

A major nerve in the pelvic region that controls the muscles of the pelvic floor.

Erection

The state in which the penis becomes firm and engorged with blood.

Flaccid

The state of the penis when it is soft and not erect.