Barron's Euro Study Unit 5

Estate system or Ancien Regime

The feudal system before the French Revolution:

1st Estate (clergy + king)

2nd Estate (nobles)

3rd Estate (just about everybody else)

National Assembly

The assembly of the 3rd Estate that declared themselves as the true government of France

Constitution of 1791

The first written constitution that turned France into a constitutional monarchy after the absolute monarchy

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

The “bill of rights” that were presented by the National Assembly

Declaration of the Rights of Women

Olympe de Gouge’s counterpart to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen that argued for women’s rights

March on Versailles

AKA the Bread March

* after the price of bread skyrocketed
* essentially stripped Louis XVI’s remaining independence and put him on house arrest

Declaration of Pillnitz

Declaration by HRE and Fredrick William of Prussia trying to restore Louis XVI to absolute power again

Bastille

The hungry peasant mob stormed this place, which had a bunch of weapons stored

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

An attempt to make France Catholic again → caused many catholics to turn against the revolution

Liberal phase

The period of the French revolution where the people were simply demanding rights and a constitutional monarchy

Radical phase

The period of the French revolution where people’s heads were actually being cut off (reign of terror)

Code Napoleon

The Napoleonic Code gave equal rights to men and gave them one legal code to stand under, regardless of class

* basically stripped women of all power and authority

Concordat of 1801

Thing that Napoleon and Pope signed to address all of the anti-religious policies that were established during the French Revolution

Abolition of provinces and division of France into departments

Historical boundaries were broken in France and new ones were created to increase the feeling of “one nation”

Secret police

Napoleon used these to spy on his citizens

Nepotism

Napoleon appointed his family members to the thrones of countries that he conquered

ex. Spain

Bourbons

The previous monarch dynasty was returned to France (Louis XVIII)

Congress of Vienna

The meeting between the great powers to figure out how to keep the balance of power and limit France (or any country) from becoming too tanky

Women’s role in the French Revolution

* March on Versailles
* Declaration of the Rights of Women by Olympe de Gouge

Haitian Revolution

After seeing the French Revolution, the people of Haiti revolted against the french land lords and gained their independence

Robespierre

The Reign of Terror dude → got his head cut off by the end

Marat

defender of the sans-culottes

* against the French monarchy
* helped in the rise of the Jacobins
* but was supportive of the reign of terror

Danton

Was against the monarchy and helped in the French Revolution

* a moderate
* was against the radical reign of terror and got his head chopped off because of it

Jacobins

radical party that wanted to overthrow the monarchy and establish a republic

Girondins

The more prominent faction of the Jacobin party

Napoleon

The handsome dictator of France after the failure of the National Convention