test (police systems quizzes 1+2)

Law of Hammurabi

Contains nearly 300 clauses of laws that address 13 areas of concern

Code of Lipit-Ishtar

Predates the CoH

What is the main difference between the Code of Hammurabi and the Lipit-Ishtar?

The primary difference between the two codes is that the Lipit-Ishtar Code does not contain the harsh sanctions associated with the Hammurabi’s Code

Kin-Police

Defined as an age-old enforcement system where each citizen and family unit shares the responsibility for upholding the lawn and order.

Draconian-

Defined as excessively harsh and severe

Draco revised the legal system, which led to the rise of which term?

Draconian

The Roman Empire derived their power from-

army or legions

Legions were-

professional soldiers who established order. The were also roman citizens serving

Roman legions-

Were made up of cohorts of heavy infantrymen and were led by a legate

Who was the first Roman Ruler to implement a police force?

Augustus Caesar

Praetorian Guard-

The imperial guard of the imperial roman army that served various roles for the roman emperor

Vigils-

they were a permanent firefighter force and night patrol unit in ancient Rome. Duties included apprehending thieves and robbers and for capturing runaway slaves.

The Praetorian Guard was eventually incorporated into what?

Into the legions and became nothing more than a military unit.

When and where was the first modern police department established?

London-1829

Who established the first modern police department?

Sir Robert Peel

Why were the police established in the first place?

To replace the parish constables and watchmen that had previously patrolled the streets

What was the goal of the newly established police?

To prevent crime and pursue offenders

The creation of the London Metropolitan Police Force was the result of-

efforts extending over a period of several years

Why were the English extremely resistant to the police force?

They were used to suppress or take rights away from the citizenry

Leges Henrici

A legal treatise

Who issued the Leges Henrici?

Henry the 1st in 1116

What does the Leges Henrici do?

Served as a foundation of today’s legal system

Established offenses against the crown

Created judicial districts

Separated crimes into felonies and misdemeanors

Henry the 2nd formed juries consisting of-

12 men

Henry the 2nd developed what?

English Common Law

English Common Law is

A legal system based on tradition and precedent set by judicial decisions

When was the office of High Constable created?

mid-1100s

What was the office of High Constable?

It was a high-ranking military officer and the commander of the royal army

What is the Equal Employment Opportunity Act?

Makes it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or employee on the basis of the person’s race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, transgender status, and sexual orientation), national origin, age (40 or older), disability, or genetic information

What year was the Equal Employment Opportunity Act passed?

1965

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act-

Defined discrimination as the act of drawing distinctions from which to make selection and other personnel decisions based on considerations of race, color, sex, national origin, or religion

What was the first federal legislative action taken to prohibit discrimination in employment?

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

What two conditions of the 1964 Civil Rights Act affected Police Systems? (1)

Prohibited discrimination against individuals falling into certain classifications (disparate treatment) (1)

What two conditions of the 1964 Civil Rights Act affected Police Systems? (2)

The legislation was interpreted to mean that employers could not discriminate against classes or groups of people that fell under the protection of the Act (disparate impact) (2)

What is the name of the case that established new standards by which to judge the existence of discrimination in agencies?

Griggs v. Duke Power Co.

Griggs v. Duke Power Co. -

1971

How many people sued Duke Power Co.? What was their race?

14 African Americans

What was Duke Power Co. being sued over?

The requirement to have a H.S Diploma or pass an intelligence test for employment and promotions. Argues that it was discriminatory.

What did the case show?

It showed that discrimination could be found on the basis of disparate impact

What are the primary methods for establishing discrimination?

Disparate Rejection Rates and Population Comparisons

Disparate Rejection Rates-

When a minority group has a higher rejection rate than another group

Population Comparisons-

A way to compare the size of different populations

In what year was the first African-American police officer employed in?

1861

Where was the first African-American police officer employed in?

Washington D.C.

In the early 1900’s AA made about what percent of the nation’s police officers and firefighters?

2.7%

The vast majority of AA in the early 1900’s were hired in larger cities

True

By 1940, AA accounted for what percent of the nation’s police officers?

>1%

In 2013 racial and ethnic minorities comprised about what percent of full-tine sworn personnel?

27%

The percentage of AA police officers is currently about what percent?

12%

What is the percentage of AA police officers in 2022?

13.6%

What is the percentage of white police officers in 2022?

70.9%

Reasons for Integrating Police Departments (1)

Diversity makes a department more sensitive and effective in dealing with minority problems (1)

Reasons for Integrating Police Departments (2)

Diversity tends to reflect a more positive image in many quarters of a community (2)

Reasons for Integrating Police Departments (3)

Integration ultimately results in more minority input in police policy formulation, which results in better police service to minority communities (3)