Convergent and Divergent Evolution

Homologous structures

Structures that are anatomically similar because they are inherited from a common ancestor

Analogous structures

Structures serve the same function, but originated independently in different groups of organisms that do not share a common ancestor.

divergent evolution

a type of evolution in which organisms are thought to have the same ancestor, but separated over time.

convergent evolution

a type of evolution in which organisms are of different lineages, but have the same traits

fossils

the remains and traces of past life or any other direct evidence of past life

transitional fossils

fossils that represent the intermediate evolutionary forms of life in transition from one type to another or a common ancestor of these types

index fossils

fossils used to define and identify geologic periods

vestigial structures

organs or body parts that once served a purpose, but have lost much or or all of their function