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In his first sermon, the man known as the Buddha taught Four Noble Truths, which are about:
A) sin and how to atone for it
B) suffering and how to be free from it
C) virtue and how to enact to it
D) wealth and how to gain it
B) suffering and how to be free from it
In Judaism, what is Yom Kippur?
A) the Day of Atonement or Repentance
B) a celebration remembering the retaking of the Temple from the Greeks
C) a body of scriptures interpreting Jewish Law
D) the box made of acacia wood that holds the Ten Commandments
A) the Day of Atonement or Repentance
In Buddhism, the main practice that leads to enlightenment or "awakening" is:
A) alms-giving
B) To strive or struggle
C) To prophesy
D) meditation
D) meditation
The word islam means:
A) To act in self-defense
B) To strive or struggle
C) to prophesy
D) to submit
D) to submit
The Sunnis/Shia split resulted from a disagreement over:
A) who should lead Muslims after Muhammad's death
B) whether or not Jesus was the son of God
C) the status of Jewish prophets
D) whether Christians and Jews are acceptable to Allah
A) who should lead Muslims after Muhammad's death
The earliest revealed scriptures of Hinduism are:
A) Ramayana
B) Vedas
C) Bhagavad
D) Laws of Manu
B) Vedas
The majority of Hindu people live in what country?
a) Nepal
b) India
c) Pakistan
d) The United States
India
Hinduism is the _______ largest religion in the world.
a) Second
b) Fourth
c) Fifth
d) Third
Third
The Upanishads elaborate on the Vedas and are philosophical dialogues between teachers and pupils teaching wisdom as a path to spiritual liberation.
True
False
true
The Bhagavad Gita is part of what larger, Hindu epic?
The Mahabharata
The Ramayana
The Vedas
The Mahabharata
What is the name of the elephant-headed god of thresholds who is one of the most popular Hindu deities?
a)Shiva
b)Rama
c)Krishna
d)Ganesh
Ganesh
In the excerpt from the Upanishad you read this week, Shevetaku's father, Uddalaka, uses the fruit of a banyan tree and salt in water as illustrations.
True
False
True
In the excerpts from the Bhagavad Gita you read this week, only meditation and ascetic discipline are described as paths to liberation.
True
False
False
What form of Buddhism can claim the most adherents in the modern world?
a) Mahayana
b) Theravada
c)Vajrayana
Mahayana
In Buddhism, sangha refers to ___________.
a) suffering
b) an exemplar
c) the Buddhist community
d) illusion
the Buddhist community
Buddhism does not teach a cycle of rebirth and death (i.e. samsara).
True
False
False
Shunyata, emptiness, is the central teaching of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy.
True
False
True
The word lama in Tibetan Buddhism means which of the following?
a) a reincarnated bodhisattva
b) it is a name for a book
c) teacher/ leader
d) enlightenment
teacher/ leader
According to the Buddha's first sermon, each of the following is one of the Four Noble Truths except which?
a) the existence of suffering
b)the path which leads to the cessation of suffering
c)the Middle Way
d)the cause of suffering
the Middle Way
According to Goenka in his "Art of Living: Vipassana Meditation," the cause of suffering lies within, in our reaction to pleasant or unpleasant sensations.
True
False
True
According to Hinduism, the law of consequences that governs the chain of lives is called:
A) dharma
B) karma
C) samsara
D) moksha
B) karma
Christian monotheism is distinguished from Jewish and Muslim beliefs about God by:
A) its emphasis upon the absolute oneness of God
B) its identification of God with nature
C) its rejection of the use of images of God
D) its understanding of God as a trinity
D) its understanding of God as a trinity
In Christian practice, the Lord's supper, or Eucharist, primarily signifies:
A) Jesus' resurrection to eternal life
B) the washing away of sins and taking on a new identity
C) Jesus' death as suffering and sacrifice
D) The divinity of Christ
A) Jesus' resurrection to eternal life
In Judaism, what is the Mishnah?
A) The holy scroll affixed to doorways
B) a book of rabbinical opinions and interpretations of Torah
C) a quorum of ten Jewish males at a religious worship service
D) the prohibition to eat milk with meat in kosher food laws
B) a book of rabbinical opinions and interpretations of Torah
Where is Vajrayana Buddhism the most dominant form?
Tibet
True or False? Vajrayana Buddhists comprise the largest group of Buddhists among the world's population
false
True or False? Buddhism is more about belief than experience
false
What is shunyata?
emptiness
What are the three 3 core beliefs in Buddhism?
karma, rebirth, and impermanence
How long has the term, engaged Buddhism, been used?
Since the Vietnam War
Engaged Buddhism means...
practicing mindfulness in all situations from personal life to involvement in social and political issues
problem in Hinduism - wandering on or flowing by -- refers to vicious cycle of life, death and rebirth
Samsara
goal in Hinduism - escape from heaven and earth altogether & free the soul from bondage to samsara and its unsatisfactoriness
Moksha
ultimate reality; essence of divinity
Brahman
(Hinduism) self/the soul
Atman
our actions, and the natural law of karma is that good and bad karma determine how we will be reborn in the cycle of samsara
Karma
duty/fulfilling the duty of one's caste
Dharma
Yoga
Disciplines
Jnana Yoga (Hinduism)
path of knowledge
Bhakti (yoga)
path of devotion
Brahmin
the highest of the four classes of the caste system, traditionally made up of priests (Caste) -- priests, teachers, ritual specialists
Dalit
member of the lowest Indian caste grouping made up of people who did dirty or unpleasant jobs / out-castes (oppressed, untouchable)
Shakti
the female principle of divine energy, especially when personified as the supreme deity. ( Feminine creative energy)
Puja (Hinduism)
The worship of a god or gods through making offerings
Holi
spring festival, good over evil, upside-down
Sadhu/Sannyasin
renunciation: giving up previous life
Kumbh Mela (Hinduism)
mass Hindu pilgrimage of faith. gather to bathe in a sacred or holy river
Diwali (Hinduism)
festival of lights, new year
Hindutva
Fundamentalist Hindu movement that became politically important in India in the 1980s by advocating a distinct Hindu identity and decrying government efforts to accommodate other faith groups.
Shiva
"the destroyer"; wrathful and loving, male and female
Vishnu
"the preserver"; best known for his ten avatars, or incarnations
Ganesha (Hinduism)
Hindu god of the removal of obstacles; represented as an elephant("divinest of the gods")
Kali
"Dark," a form of Devi ; a goddess associated with destruction and rebirth / Standing of Shiva, Wife of Shiva, personification of Durga's anger
Durga/Devi
Wife of Shiva; Devi - powerful and frightening goddess who fights to restore dharma
Krishna
A god associated with divine playfulness; known for his mischievousness
Rama
A god and mythical king; a form of Vishnu
Andhi's understanding of Hinduism as advocating non-violence and peace is the standard understanding within Hinduism
False
What is ahimsa?
non-violence
For Gandhi, the test of religious truth-for any religion-is its ethics (i.e. how does it teach people to treat people?)
true
What is the central human problem according to Buddhism?
suffering
What is the meaning of the Buddha?
It is a title that means the Awakened One. (Enlightened one)
True or False? There are multiple forms of the Buddhist Meditation
True
The Second Noble Truth is that suffering has a cause. What is the Third Noble Truth?
Suffering can be eliminated; there is a solution
Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism have similar understandings of the way to achieve nirvana
False
What is the goal of human life as one reflects on the Wheel of Life
Balance
True or False?In Buddhism and according to the Wheel of Life, everything has a beginning and an end
false
Which God is depicted in this image (Man with Elephant head)?
Ganesha (Ganesha helps overcome obstacles)
What is the goal of Hinduism?
Liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth
What are the holiest scriptures of Hinduism?
The Vedas (understood to be the oldest scriptures we know of)
What is Samsara?
Cycle of life, death and rebirth (continuous cycle) (in English we often say reincarnation)
How is humanity divided according to the Srimad-Bhagavatam?
Humanity is divided into 4 castes and 4 orders of life
What's so important about this division, why is it there?
These divisions have to be there in order for society to function. People need to be able to serve God in their place
What is Atman?
It is the spirit, or the immortal divine spark, in human beings
What's one effect that British colonialism had on Hinduism?
It is a desire to seem more like "rational" Western people, many Hindus rejected the concept of many gods of bhakti yoga and the more "exotic" ritual practices in favor of the philosophical stream of Hinduism found in the Upanishads
What is Hindutva?
It is a Hindu nationalist group that wishes to make India an official Hindu state