Final Exam Review Religion 101 (Peter Fraser Morris) *still in progress*

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75 Terms

1
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In his first sermon, the man known as the Buddha taught Four Noble Truths, which are about:

A) sin and how to atone for it

B) suffering and how to be free from it

C) virtue and how to enact to it

D) wealth and how to gain it

B) suffering and how to be free from it

2
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In Judaism, what is Yom Kippur?

A) the Day of Atonement or Repentance

B) a celebration remembering the retaking of the Temple from the Greeks

C) a body of scriptures interpreting Jewish Law

D) the box made of acacia wood that holds the Ten Commandments

A) the Day of Atonement or Repentance

3
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In Buddhism, the main practice that leads to enlightenment or "awakening" is:

A) alms-giving

B) To strive or struggle

C) To prophesy

D) meditation

D) meditation

4
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The word islam means:

A) To act in self-defense

B) To strive or struggle

C) to prophesy

D) to submit

D) to submit

5
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The Sunnis/Shia split resulted from a disagreement over:

A) who should lead Muslims after Muhammad's death

B) whether or not Jesus was the son of God

C) the status of Jewish prophets

D) whether Christians and Jews are acceptable to Allah

A) who should lead Muslims after Muhammad's death

6
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The earliest revealed scriptures of Hinduism are:

A) Ramayana

B) Vedas

C) Bhagavad

D) Laws of Manu

B) Vedas

7
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The majority of Hindu people live in what country?

a) Nepal

b) India

c) Pakistan

d) The United States

India

8
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Hinduism is the _______ largest religion in the world.

a) Second

b) Fourth

c) Fifth

d) Third

Third

9
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The Upanishads elaborate on the Vedas and are philosophical dialogues between teachers and pupils teaching wisdom as a path to spiritual liberation.

True

False

true

10
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The Bhagavad Gita is part of what larger, Hindu epic?

The Mahabharata

The Ramayana

The Vedas

The Mahabharata

11
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What is the name of the elephant-headed god of thresholds who is one of the most popular Hindu deities?

a)Shiva

b)Rama

c)Krishna

d)Ganesh

Ganesh

12
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In the excerpt from the Upanishad you read this week, Shevetaku's father, Uddalaka, uses the fruit of a banyan tree and salt in water as illustrations.

True

False

True

13
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In the excerpts from the Bhagavad Gita you read this week, only meditation and ascetic discipline are described as paths to liberation.

True

False

False

14
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What form of Buddhism can claim the most adherents in the modern world?

a) Mahayana

b) Theravada

c)Vajrayana

Mahayana

15
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In Buddhism, sangha refers to ___________.

a) suffering

b) an exemplar

c) the Buddhist community

d) illusion

the Buddhist community

16
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Buddhism does not teach a cycle of rebirth and death (i.e. samsara).

True

False

False

17
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Shunyata, emptiness, is the central teaching of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy.

True

False

True

18
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The word lama in Tibetan Buddhism means which of the following?

a) a reincarnated bodhisattva

b) it is a name for a book

c) teacher/ leader

d) enlightenment

teacher/ leader

19
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According to the Buddha's first sermon, each of the following is one of the Four Noble Truths except which?

a) the existence of suffering

b)the path which leads to the cessation of suffering

c)the Middle Way

d)the cause of suffering

the Middle Way

20
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According to Goenka in his "Art of Living: Vipassana Meditation," the cause of suffering lies within, in our reaction to pleasant or unpleasant sensations.

True

False

True

21
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According to Hinduism, the law of consequences that governs the chain of lives is called:

A) dharma

B) karma

C) samsara

D) moksha

B) karma

22
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Christian monotheism is distinguished from Jewish and Muslim beliefs about God by:

A) its emphasis upon the absolute oneness of God

B) its identification of God with nature

C) its rejection of the use of images of God

D) its understanding of God as a trinity

D) its understanding of God as a trinity

23
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In Christian practice, the Lord's supper, or Eucharist, primarily signifies:

A) Jesus' resurrection to eternal life

B) the washing away of sins and taking on a new identity

C) Jesus' death as suffering and sacrifice

D) The divinity of Christ

A) Jesus' resurrection to eternal life

24
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In Judaism, what is the Mishnah?

A) The holy scroll affixed to doorways

B) a book of rabbinical opinions and interpretations of Torah

C) a quorum of ten Jewish males at a religious worship service

D) the prohibition to eat milk with meat in kosher food laws

B) a book of rabbinical opinions and interpretations of Torah

25
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Where is Vajrayana Buddhism the most dominant form?

Tibet

26
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True or False? Vajrayana Buddhists comprise the largest group of Buddhists among the world's population

false

27
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True or False? Buddhism is more about belief than experience

false

28
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What is shunyata?

emptiness

29
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What are the three 3 core beliefs in Buddhism?

karma, rebirth, and impermanence

30
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How long has the term, engaged Buddhism, been used?

Since the Vietnam War

31
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Engaged Buddhism means...

practicing mindfulness in all situations from personal life to involvement in social and political issues

32
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problem in Hinduism - wandering on or flowing by -- refers to vicious cycle of life, death and rebirth

Samsara

33
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goal in Hinduism - escape from heaven and earth altogether & free the soul from bondage to samsara and its unsatisfactoriness

Moksha

34
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ultimate reality; essence of divinity

Brahman

35
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(Hinduism) self/the soul

Atman

36
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our actions, and the natural law of karma is that good and bad karma determine how we will be reborn in the cycle of samsara

Karma

37
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duty/fulfilling the duty of one's caste

Dharma

38
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Yoga

Disciplines

39
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Jnana Yoga (Hinduism)

path of knowledge

40
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Bhakti (yoga)

path of devotion

41
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Brahmin

the highest of the four classes of the caste system, traditionally made up of priests (Caste) -- priests, teachers, ritual specialists

42
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Dalit

member of the lowest Indian caste grouping made up of people who did dirty or unpleasant jobs / out-castes (oppressed, untouchable)

43
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Shakti

the female principle of divine energy, especially when personified as the supreme deity. ( Feminine creative energy)

44
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Puja (Hinduism)

The worship of a god or gods through making offerings

45
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Holi

spring festival, good over evil, upside-down

46
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Sadhu/Sannyasin

renunciation: giving up previous life

47
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Kumbh Mela (Hinduism)

mass Hindu pilgrimage of faith. gather to bathe in a sacred or holy river

48
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Diwali (Hinduism)

festival of lights, new year

49
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Hindutva

Fundamentalist Hindu movement that became politically important in India in the 1980s by advocating a distinct Hindu identity and decrying government efforts to accommodate other faith groups.

50
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Shiva

"the destroyer"; wrathful and loving, male and female

51
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Vishnu

"the preserver"; best known for his ten avatars, or incarnations

52
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Ganesha (Hinduism)

Hindu god of the removal of obstacles; represented as an elephant("divinest of the gods")

53
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Kali

"Dark," a form of Devi ; a goddess associated with destruction and rebirth / Standing of Shiva, Wife of Shiva, personification of Durga's anger

54
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Durga/Devi

Wife of Shiva; Devi - powerful and frightening goddess who fights to restore dharma

55
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Krishna

A god associated with divine playfulness; known for his mischievousness

56
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Rama

A god and mythical king; a form of Vishnu

57
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Andhi's understanding of Hinduism as advocating non-violence and peace is the standard understanding within Hinduism

False

58
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What is ahimsa?

non-violence

59
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For Gandhi, the test of religious truth-for any religion-is its ethics (i.e. how does it teach people to treat people?)

true

60
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What is the central human problem according to Buddhism?

suffering

61
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What is the meaning of the Buddha?

It is a title that means the Awakened One. (Enlightened one)

62
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True or False? There are multiple forms of the Buddhist Meditation

True

63
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The Second Noble Truth is that suffering has a cause. What is the Third Noble Truth?

Suffering can be eliminated; there is a solution

64
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Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism have similar understandings of the way to achieve nirvana

False

65
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What is the goal of human life as one reflects on the Wheel of Life

Balance

66
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True or False?In Buddhism and according to the Wheel of Life, everything has a beginning and an end

false

67
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Which God is depicted in this image (Man with Elephant head)?

Ganesha (Ganesha helps overcome obstacles)

68
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What is the goal of Hinduism?

Liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth

69
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What are the holiest scriptures of Hinduism?

The Vedas (understood to be the oldest scriptures we know of)

70
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What is Samsara?

Cycle of life, death and rebirth (continuous cycle) (in English we often say reincarnation)

71
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How is humanity divided according to the Srimad-Bhagavatam?

Humanity is divided into 4 castes and 4 orders of life

72
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What's so important about this division, why is it there?

These divisions have to be there in order for society to function. People need to be able to serve God in their place

73
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What is Atman?

It is the spirit, or the immortal divine spark, in human beings

74
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What's one effect that British colonialism had on Hinduism?

It is a desire to seem more like "rational" Western people, many Hindus rejected the concept of many gods of bhakti yoga and the more "exotic" ritual practices in favor of the philosophical stream of Hinduism found in the Upanishads

75
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What is Hindutva?

It is a Hindu nationalist group that wishes to make India an official Hindu state