AEMT Chapter 7-8-9 Test

A consistently high level of __________ suppresses the immune system by increasing production of interleukin-6.

A. aldosterone

B. insulin

C. glucose

D. cortisol

cortisol pg.360

Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because:

A. their diaphragm does not recieve impulses from the brain.

B. their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally.

C. an infant's ribs are brittle and are less able to expand.

D. their intercostal muscles are not functional at an early age.

their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally. pg.372

A medication that possesses a positive chronotropic effect is one that:

A. decreases heart rate

B. increases the conduction of electricity.

C. increases heart rate

D. decreases cardiac contractility

increases heart rate. pg.268

Cells or organs that selectively remove, concentrate, or alter materials in the blood and then secrete them back into the body are called:

A. hormones.

B. neoplasms.

C. glands.

D. neurotransmitters

glands pg.293

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) targets the adrenal cortex, resulting in the release of:

A. cortisol

B. epinephrine

C. glucagon

D. norepinephrine

cortisol pg.359

Age-related changes in the renal system result in:

A. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to convserve fluids when needed.

B. dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function

C. the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%.

D. a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body

a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. pg.382

The ilium is defined as the:

A. lower part of the small intestine

B. bony prominence of the pelvis.

C. ligament that overlies the femoral vessels.

D. structure that overlies the bladder

bony prominence of the pelvis. pg.247

The movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called:

A. exocytosis

B. osmosis

C. diffusion

D. endocytosis

diffusion pg.233

Chemicals in the blood that become ionic conductors when placed in a solvent are called:

A. ions.

B. solutes.

C. enzymes.

D. electrolytes.

electrolytes pg.232

It has been statistically proven that the lifespan of a person with obesity is decreased by as many as _______ years.

A. 18

B. 5

C. 8

D. 13

13 pg.356

A patient with liver failure has an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. This is called:

A. sacral edema

B. ascites

C. anasarca

D. lymphatic edema

ascites pg.319

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. increased surface area available for air exchange

B. a loss of respiratory muscle mass

C. decreased residual volume

D. increased stiffness of the thoracic cage

increased surface area available for air exchange. pg.380

The atrioventricular (AV) valves of the heart include the:

A. mitral and aortic

B. tricuspid and pulmonic

C. tricuspid and mitral

D. bicuspid and aortic

tricuspid and mitral pg.265

Gout is caused by an abnormal accumulation of:

A. uric acid

B. platelets

C. calcium

D. folic acid

uric acid pg.355

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) targets the adrenal cortex and causes it to secrete:

A. cortisol

B. adrenaline

C. antidiuretic hormone

D. calcitonin

cortisol pg.294

Blood gas analysis at the hospital reveals that your patient has a pH of 7.29. Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause this?

A. Hyperventilation

B. Diabetic ketoacidosis

C. Antacid overdose

D. Mild hypoglycemia

Diabetic ketoacidosis pg.322

Calcitonin is secreted by the:

A. pituitary gland

B. parathyroid glands

C. thyroid gland

D. adrenal glands

pituitary gland pg.295

Changes in sleep patterns experienced by elderly patients is mostly caused by:

A. decreased brain size.

B. a loss of neurons in the brain.

C. decreased metabolism in the brain.

D. medication interactions.

a loss of neurons in the brain. pg.382

Dry gangrene is an example of which type of necrosis?

A. Coagulation

B. Simple

C. Derived

D. Liquefaction

Derived pg.329

A patient is diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy. This means that the left ventricle is:

A. abnormally strong

B. weakened

C. enlarged

D. small in size

enlarged pg.317

The germinal layer contains cells that produce pigment granules, which help to produce:

A. sweat.

B. sebum.

C. skin color.

D. fatty tissue.

skin color pg.287

Delayed cell-mediated hypersensitivity is primarily mediated by soluble molecules that are released by specifically activated __________ cells.

A. B

B. mast

C. T

D. plasma

T pg.347

In response to shock or stress, sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes:

A. increased gastrointestinal function

B. vasoconstriction

C. shunting of blood to the extremities

D. slowing of the heart rate

vasoconstriction pg.284

A young female overdosed on heroin and has slow, shallow breathing. Which of the following condition will she develop initially?

A. Respiratory acidosis

B. Respiratory alkalosis

C. Metabolic alkalosis

D. Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory acidosis pg.323

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:

A. will readily allow you to seperate her from her mother.

B. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.

C. has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration

D. is unable to track your movements with her eyes

responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. pg.374

A 2-year-old child has experienced a proximal humeral fracture involving the growth plate. This plate is also called the:

A. diaphyseal plate.

B. metaphyseal plate.

C. epiphyseal plate.

D. endosteum plate.

epiphyseal plate pg.236

Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that:

A. is moved in or out of the lungs following maximal expiration

B. is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath

C. is exhaled from the lungs following a forceful exhalation

D. remains in the lungs following expiration

is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath. pg.262

What role does the spleen play in the body's compensatory response to hypoperfusion?

A. It releases pyrogens, which cause fever

B. It releases catecholamines

C. It releases additional glucose

D. It releases sequestered red blood cells

It releases sequestered red blood cells pg.330

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant?

A. Walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions

B. Places objects in the mouth, pulls him- or herself up

C. Knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance

D. Responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently

Places objects in the mouth, pulls him- or herself up pg.373

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity involves what type of cell?

A. Myocyte

B. Eosinophil

C. CD8 lymphocyte

D. CD4 lymphocyte

CD8 lymphocyte pg.347

The average pulse rate of individuals between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:

A. 60 beats/min

B. 70 beats/min

C. 90 beats/min

D. 80 beats/min

70 beats/min pg.378

How do the blood vessels of the skin respond to cold temperatures?

A. Constriction, which diverts blood away from the skin

B. Dilation, which diverts blood away from the skin

C. Constriction, which pulls blood to the skin's surface

D. Dilation, which pulls blood to the skin's surface

Constriction, which diverts blood away from the skin pg.289

The protein that bonds to form the fibrous component of a blood clot is called:

A. a thrombocyte

B. plasmin

C. fibrin

D. plasminogen

fibrin pg.342

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating him, it is important to recall that:

A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired by an inability to increase cardiac output.

B. functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increases due to increased production of red blood cells.

C. it is not uncommon to observe heart rates in excess of 150 beats/min in elderly patients with internal injuries

D. blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can constrict easily

his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired by an inability to increase cardiac output pg.383

The high normal body temperature for an infant is:

A. 99.6

B. 98.5

C. 97.9

D. 100.3

99.6 pg.371

Which of the following clinical signs is a manifestation of fluid leakage into the interstitial spaces?

A. Urticaria

B. Stridor

C. Tachycardia

D. Wheezing

Stridor pg.333

Phagocytosis is the process by which:

A. phagocytes are produced

B. monocytes digest microbes

C. phagocytes are destroyed

D. microbes destroy monocytes

monocytes digest microbes pg.277

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct?

A. Family conflict decreases as the adolescent gains control of his or her life.

B. Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak during the eighth or ninth grade.

C. Because they think rationally, adolescents are at the lowest risk for suicide.

D. Adolescents are less fixated on their public image than younger children.

Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak during the eighth or ninth grade. pg.378

Which of th efollowing statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct?

A. Muscle mass and bone density decrease is toddlers and preschoolers because of increased physical activity.

B. Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.

C. The normal respiratory rate in toddlers and preschoolers is between 12 and 20 breaths/min

D. Toddlers and preschoolers have well-developed lung musculature, even though they have less lung tissue.

Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity. pg.375

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

A. recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults.

B. obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents.

C. avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering.

D. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible. pg.378

Afterload is defined as the:

A. amount of blood pumped from the heart per contraction

B. volume of blood pumped throughout the circulatory system per minute

C. volume of blood returned to the left and right atrium

D. degree of pressure against which the left ventricle pumps

degree of pressure against which the left ventricle pumps. pg.268

A body temperature of 99.4F in a 2-year-old child:

A. is normal for his or her age range

B. often causes a seizure

C. suggests an infection

D. is a low-grade fever

is normal for his or her age range. pg.371

Within the first 30 minutes after birth, a neonate's:

A. pulse rate decreases to approximately 120 beats/min.

B. respiratory rate increases to around 60 breaths/min.

C. pulse rate increases to between 160 and 180 beats/min.

D. pulse and respiratory rates increase significantly.

pulse rate decreases to approximately 120 beats/min pg.371

White blood cells that develop from B cells and produce large volumes of specific antibodies are called:

A. lymphocytes

B. mast cells

C. killer T-cells

D. plasma cells

plasma cells pg.339

According to the terminal drop hypothesis:

A. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death.

B. most elderly patients experience depression after the death of a loved one.

C. a person's physical health begins to decline after the age of 75 years.

D. most late-stage adults retain high brain function until 1 month before death.

mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. pg.383

A Type I hypersensitivity reaction involves interaction between an antigen and a preformed antibody of the _________type.

A. IgA

B. IgG

C. IgM

D. IgE

IgE pg.346

latrogenic immunodeficiency is MOST commonly caused by:

A. HIV

B. cancer

C. trauma

D. medications

medications pg.349

During the inflammatory response, the liver produces:

A. white blood cells

B. pyrogens

C. C-reactive protein

D. red blood cells

C-reactive protein pg.328

As electricity travels down the left and right bundle branches, it FIRST stimulates the:

A. interventricular septum

B. interatrial pathways

C. ventricular myocardium

D. Purkinje fibers

interventricular septum pg.265

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an increase in:

A. fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain

B. respiratory rate due to increased metabolism

C. muscle strength and reflexes

D. height because of spinal disc expansion

fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain. pg.378

Which of the following is an incontrollable risk factor for disease?

A. Genetics

B. Smoking

C. Stress

D. Poor diet

Genetics pg.349

The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint where the humeral head articulates with the:

A. acetabulum

B. popliteal fossa

C. glenoid fossa

D. acromion process

glenoid fossa pg.245

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?

A. The majority of middle adults still have small children that live at home with them

B. They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands

C. They are typically receiving Social Security and must budget with a fixed income

D. Most people in the middle adult age group have chronic illnesses and cannot work

They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands. pg.379

A buffer is a substance that can absorb or donate:

A. water

B. hydrogen ions

C. sodium

D. bicarbonate

hydrogen ions pg.259

Closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves occur during:

A. ventricular relaxation

B. atrial contraction

C. ventricular contraction

D. the diastolic phase

ventricular contraction pg.266

At what age does seperation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?

A. 24 to 36 months

B. 6 to 8 months

C. 10 to 18 months

D. 18 to 24 months

10 to 18 months pg.374

A bruit differs from a murmur in that a bruit:

A. is a benign physiologic abnormality

B. is auscultated over a main blood vessel

C. indicates turbulent blood flow in the heart

D. represents widespread arteriosclerosis

is auscultated over a main blood vessel. pg.266

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

A. 21 and 30 years

B. 18 and 22 years

C. 25 and 35 years

D. 19 and 25 years

19 and 25 years pg.378

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:

A. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times

B. assissted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs

C. an infants head shoudl be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction

D. the infants prportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction

small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times pg.372

Relative to other microorganisms, MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS:

A. is easily destroyed with antibiotics

B. contains a thick, impenetrable capsule

C. lacks a capsule, yet resists destruction

D. is not transported in the body by phagocytes

lacks a capsule, yet resists destruction pg.327