EKG Test 1

What information does an electrocardiogram provide?

The electrical activity of the heart

The ________is a double membrane that covers the outside of the heart

epicardium

contains a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the heart beats.

pericardium

The ______is the middle layer, and the thickest. It is made of muscle tissue and pumps blood through the system.

myocardium

The _________is a smooth layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart and blood vessels and allows blood to flow smoothly.

endocardium

What is the septum?

The muscle between the two ventricles

The two top chambers of the heart are called

atria.

The two bottom chambers of the heart are called

ventricles.

What is the function of valves?

To control blood flow in and out of the lobes

Pulmonary

Rt side of the heart to the lungs to the heart

Systemic

Lt side of the heart to the body to the heart

Coronary

circulation to the heart itself

List the flow of blood in order starting from the right atrium.

Rt atrium, tricuspid valve, Rt ventricle, pulmonary valve, Lt atrium, mitral valve, Lt ventricle, aortic valve

What causes the heart to contract?

Electrical impulses

True

The heart can stimulate its own contractions.

False

First the ventricles contract, and then the atria.

What is another name for a heartbeat?

Cardiac cycle

Systole

Contraction

Diastole

Relaxation

What are the special tissues that transmit electrical impulses in the heart?

Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of his, purkinje fibers

What is also known as the body’s natural pacemaker?

SA node

lungs are a part of the cardiovascular system

false

s1

lub

s2

dub

lub

tricuspid and mitral valve closing sound

dub

aortic and pulmonary valve closing sound

atrioventricular valves

tricuspid and mitral

semilunar valves

pulmonary and aortic

isovolumetric contraction

static point before contraction

rapid ejection

strong push 70%

slow ejection

softer push to slow down 30%

isovolumetric relaxation

static point before relaxation

diastasis

slow filling

late diastole

all chambers are relaxed, ventricles fill passively

how much blood in the body

3-5 liters

AAACVVV

aorta

arteries

arterioles

capillaries

venules

veins

vena cava

Acquisition

taking the ecg

HIPAA

health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996

PHI

protected health information

who has to follow hipaa?

insurance companies

claim payers

IT providers

clinical contractors

p wave

depolarization of atria

qrs complex

ventricular depolarization

t wave

ventricular repolarization

j point

ending depolarization/starting depolarization of ventricles

st segment

isoelectric, between ventricular de/repolarization

pr interval

time between atrial and ventricular depolarization

AV node conduction

left side of the p wave is what

Rt atrium

right side of the p wave is what

Lt atrium

dysthrythmia

bad rhythm

arrhythmia

irregular rhythm (not necessarily bad)

myocardial cells

working/mechanical cells

responsible for contractionp

pacemaker cells

electrical conduction system

generate/conduct impulses

automaticity

ability of pacemaker cells to create impulses without another sourcee

excitability

ability of myocardial cells to respond to outside impulse

conductivity

ability of cardiac cells to conduct impulses

contractility

ability of cardiac cells to shorten

SA node

primary pacemaker

60-100 bpm

AV node

full ventricular diastole pacemaker cells

40-60 bpm

bundle of his

20-40 bpm

purkinje fibers

20-40 bpm

purkinje fibers fully surround which ventricle

Lt ventricle

ion that holds contraction

Ca

ion that starts contraction

Na

ion that ends contraction

K

Absolute refractory period

cells cannot be stimulated at all

relative refractory period

cells can be stimulated with strong enough stimulus

supernormal refractory period

cells can be stimulated with less stimulus than normal

electrons flow which direction

opposite of current

impulses go ___ to ___ in the heart

Right to left

the heart is inherently…

negative

lead

view

lead equation

Lead I + Lead III = Lead II

lead I

Rt arm to Lt arm

lead II

Rt arm to Lt foot

Main lead

Tallest QRS complex

Lead III

Lt arm to Lt foot

Lt foot lead is…

positive

Rt arm lead is…

negative

Lt arm lead is…

positive and negative

Leads go…

negative to positive

augmented leads

all leads are positive instead of positive and negative and heart is negative center

supine

laying on back

semifowlers

slightly sitting up

fowlers

sitting up

pregant

do ekg on back while laying on side

muscle movement disorder

restrain

stuck in fetal position

ekg on back

can only print __ times before replacing electrodes

2

V1

4th IS Rt of sternum

Red

V2

4th IS Lt of sternum

Yellow

V3

In between V2 and V4

Green

V4

5th IS midclavicular line Lt

Blue

V5

anterior axillary line Lt 5th IS

Orange

V6

Lt axillary line 5th IS

Purple

What if a kid is too small for electrodes

put it on the other side

V7

posterior axillary line 5th IS

V8

midscapulary line 5th IS

V9

5th IS Lt of spine

Left arm lead

black

Left leg lead

red

Right leg lead

green (ground)