Lecture 12

Introduction to dreams

• God

• lucidity

• worlds

• reality

• God

• lucidity

• worlds

• reality

Ancient dream practices:

• Dream incubation: to connect with ______ through your dreams

• Dream yogas: gaining ______ + practice for dying

• Shamanic dream practices: connect to other ________

• Dreamtime in Australia: enter a parallel _______ by dreaming

• Lucid

• intention

• distress

Contemporary dream practices:

• _________ dreaming

• Dream incubation: setting an _______ to dream about something → for problem-solving or therapy

• Clinical practices: to relieve _______

• reports

• awakenings

• Expert

• neurobiology

How can we study dreams?

• Retrospective self-________

• Experimental ________ in the laboratory (but strange situation → new environment + know you are being observed)

• ______ participants (ex: lucid dreamers)

• Sleep science: using _______ of REM sleep as a proxy for dreaming

Sleep mentation

Any form of internal subjective experience that occurs during sleep and that the dreamer remembers upon awakening

complex

The classic dream is viewed as having more ________ mental activity

blocks

Emotions, thoughts, sensations, narrative structure, characters and memory sources are the building _______ of dreams

• Asclepios: God of medicine

• People went to sleep in the temple above snakes with questions about their health

• During sleep: hoped for a visit from God in their dreams, ideally from Asclepios to give treatment

• After sleep: if Asclepios didn’t visit the dream, interpretation of the dream by a temple priest to determine the type of treatment needed

Explain the history behind Asclepios and dream incubation?

• Coarse = normal perception

• Subtle = underling nature of the mind

Tibetan dream yogas claim there are 2 types of consciousness. What are they?

awareness

Tibetan practices see dreams as a possibility of full ________, without distractions from physical reality

• consciousness

• test

According to Tibetan practices, dreams:

• Allow the discovery of the nature of _______

• Are a ______ to practice seeing the world as it is

Bardo

Intermediate states such as waking life, meditation, dream state, death

• lucidity

• illusory

• dying

Dream yoga is a practice towards enlightenment:

• To gain ______

• To recognize the _______ nature of perception

• A practice for _______

symptom, self

Freud believed that dream is a _________ and that ________-observation is really important

1. Protecting the sleeper against awakening

2. Wish-fulfillment

According to Freud, what are dreams’ 2 functions?

• desire

• hidden

There are 2 types of dreams:

• Commodity dreams: express a clear and simple _______

• Dreams that contain _______ wishes

• thought

• experience

  • energetic

  • latent

  • mask

There are 2 types of dream content:

• Latent content: actual _______ of the dream

• Manifest content: observable content, the ________ of the dream

  • Allows catharsis → living through the _______ charge of the dream, experience the underlying emotion

  • Linked to ________ content

  • Is a ________ for latent content

Repression

Psychic process in response to and defending against intolerable wishes, desires, drives and impulses

expressed, anxiety

The energy of repressed drives needs to be ________ and it if often done through ________ or transformation into other pursuits

Psychological material of the dream content

Memory sources, childhood experiences and somatic/bodily sources are all examples of what?

cultural

Some dreams are typical and are shared within a _______ group

• Elements from the day prior that make their way into a dream

  • Are often banal

  • Cheap material for dream formation

• Disguise other symptoms/latent thoughts

What is day residue and what does it represent?

Dreamwork mechanisms

Process of transformation of the dream into manifest content that can be tolerable to ego

defense

Dreamwork mechanisms are similar to ________ mechanisms

analysis

Dreamwork mechanisms work in an associative manner and are thus potentially legible through dream ________ and can lead to the core of the dream

1. Condensation

2. Displacement

3. Symbolization

4. Secondary revision

5. distortions

Different mechanisms:

1. ________: see multiple people in 1 person

2. ________: displace emotion on something else than the original source

3. _________: symbols + interpretations

4. ________ ________: create a narrative with dream elements

5. Other ________ such as absurdities, lapsus, unexpected elements, bizarreness of the dream content

safe, reality

All dreamwork mechanisms make the dream a ________ space to express something that is unsafe to express in the ________

Explain Freud’s repression model:

negative

When looking at dream etymologies, they portray dreams as ________ because the mind is playing tricks on you

deception, false

Dream etymologies often refer to ______ or something that is ________

simulation

We experience sensations in dreams like in a _________

Smells and tastes

What sense very rarely occur in dreams?

unconscious

According to Freud, dream interpretation is the royal road to the _________

civilization

According to Freud, repression is one of the main consequences of ________