AA - New Deal

what was the situation like in 1932 for AA?

widespread inequality, discrimination and social injustices,

in south excluded from sitting on juries so more legal discrimination

what was the political shift for AA during depression? what % AA supported this party in 1936?

shifted to democrats

75%

how many AA did the communist party recruit?

7000

when was the national negro congress formed? who was this influenced by? did they have impact?

1934

influenced by communists

little impact

what was it called when more AA were unemployed than whites? what % AA men unemployed compared to white men?

disproportionate unemployment

50% blacks 25% whites

what and when were the scottsboro boys?

1931

9 black teens falsely acused of raping 2 white women in alabama

4 of the accused were under 14 or had a disability

they were convicted with little evidence and this caused outrage and showed the legal inequality

who was harold ickes? what did he do?

was in FDRs government as the secretary of the interior and he deseg his offices and cafeteria in his department

what was the black cabinet? give an example of an AA in this? what did the cabinet help to do?

over 100 AA in new deal agencies, informal advisory group of AA - eg mary mcloed bethune or robert weaver

the cabinet helped to secure improvements in job opportunities

impact of Eleanor roosevelt?

strong supported of civil rights and supported NAACPs anti lynching bill in 1930s

resigned membership at the ‘Daughters of the American Revolution’ when they refused a AA to sing in their hall in washington

how many lib judges did FDR bring in?

7

why was FDRs impact limited?

he was scared of southern democrat power and backlash so nothing was passed

what and when was the bankhead jones act? why was it limited?

1937 assisted AA tenant farmers in purchasing their own land

did not solve the issue of rural poverty for blacks

how many AA had a job through the CCC? what was issue with CCC?

200,000

it was segregated from 1935

what was the agricultural agencies? what was the issue with these?

TVA and AAA

TVA segregated

AAA 40% AA sharecroppers which meant they were evicted and more than 100,000 were laid off land from 1933-4

what did PWA do for AA?

housing was 1/3 occupied by AA , they also had a racial quota

how many AA employed annually by the WPA ?

350,000

how many did the WPA teach to read?

250,000

what did the Farm Security Aministration (FSA) do for AA?

34 new homestead communities created where farmers could pool resources

AA recieved 23% of their relief

what was the issue with the wagner act?

from 1935 unions excluded AA

what was the issue with the fair employment practices commitee?

1941, lacked the enforcement power to hold discrimination to account

what % AA were in relief in 1935 through the Federal Emergency Relief Act ?

35% AA to 10% whites

what was the issue with the SSA?

excluded domestic servants and agricultural labourers which 60% of AA were

what was the issue with the Homeowners Loan Corporation and the Federal Housing Authority?

reinforced segregation and AA were often refused housing

overall impact of new deal?

+: New sense of hope for AA and had some gains by being more politically involved

-: No measure designed or directly for the AA