Human A and P 2 Digestive System

organs of the alimentary canal

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus

accessory digestive organs

teeth, tongue, gallbladder, and digestive glands (salivary glands, liver, pancreas)

mucosa

layer of the alimentary canal; lines the lumen and contains glands and a thin muscular sublayer

submucosa

layer of the alimentary canal; contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and glands

muscularis externa

layer of the alimentary canal; muscular layer; 2 layers of smooth muscle (circular and longitudinal) that perform peristalsis and/or segmentation

serosa

layer of the alimentary canal; outermost layer/tunic that is the visceral peritoneum of the organs

20

how many baby teeth/ deciduous teeth/ milk teeth

32

how many permanent teeth (including wisdom teeth)

incisors and canines

purpose of tearing, cutting, and piercing

premolars and molars

purpose of grinding and crushing

gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter

sphincter where esophagus meets stomach

pyloric sphincter

sphincter where stomach meets the duodenum of the small intestine

hepatopancreatic sphincter

sphincter where common bile duct and main pancreatic duct meet duodenum of small intestine

ileocecal sphincter

sphincter where the small intestine (ileum) meets w/ the large intestine (cecum)

chyme

the stomach converts bolus of food into _____.

liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

organs that work together to produce digestive juices for breaking down chyme and neutralizing chyme once it leaves the acidic stomach

liver

produces bile and stores it in gallbladder

bile

______ is an emulsifier, not an enzyme; serves to help fats mix w/ watery digestive juices

pancreas

produces digestive enzymes

duodenum

bile and digestive enzymes all enter the ______ of small intestine.

water

bile and digestive juices are mostly _____.

proteases

an enzyme in the pancreas that digests proteins (activated once they reach duodenum)

amylases

an enzyme in the pancreas that digests carbs

lipases

an enzyme in the pancreas that digests lipids (fats)

nucleases

an enzyme in the pancreas that digests nucleic acids

small intestine

most nutrient absorption takes place in the _________.

small intestine

______________ secretes intestinal juices that are mostly water and mucous.

esophagus, stomach

_______ and _________ move food mainly through peristalsis

small and large intestines

________ and _______________ move food via segmentation and also peristalsis

llocal