Changes in momentum

Forces

Momentum

Product of mass and velocity (p = mv).

Conservation of Momentum

Total momentum remains constant in closed systems.

Change in Momentum

Occurs when a force acts on an object.

Force (F)

Mass times acceleration (F = ma).

Recoil

Movement backwards after firing a projectile.

Crumple Zones

Car features that absorb impact energy.

Seat Belts

Safety devices that stretch to reduce impact.

Air Bags

Inflatable cushions that slow down occupants.

Impact Force

Force experienced during a sudden stop.

Rate of Change of Momentum

Force equals change in momentum over time.

Safety Features

Design elements to minimize injury during crashes.

Velocity Calculation

Determine speed using momentum conservation principles.

Soft Materials

Used in safety gear to absorb impact.

Crash Mats

Cushioned surfaces to reduce fall impact.

Change in Velocity

Difference in speed before and after impact.

Impact Time

Duration over which a force acts during a crash.

Momentum Before Collision

Total momentum before two objects interact.

Momentum After Collision

Total momentum after two objects interact.

Combined Object Velocity

Velocity of two objects moving together post-collision.

Force and Time Relationship

Longer time reduces force experienced during impact.

Injury Risk

Higher forces increase likelihood of injury.

Paintball Gun Example

Illustrates momentum conservation in firing scenarios.

Momentum Equation

p = mass x velocity, used for calculations.

Stationary Object

An object at rest before collision.

Impact Reduction Techniques

Methods to decrease forces during collisions.

Safety Gear

Equipment designed to protect during impacts.

Force Calculation

F = change in momentum/change in time.