Biochemictry Introduction

Give 3 examples of model organisms

Give 3 examples of model organisms

E.Coil, yeast, round worms, fruit flies, zebra fish, mice, or rates

What are 3 key features of model organisms

Cheap to breed and raise, short generation times, simple genetics

Why is the structure of a biochemical molecule important?

The structure of a molecule informs its function

Arrange the following elements based on their abundance in the human body; O, Ca, Na, Mg, Cl, P, N, H, C, K, S

C, N, O, H, Ca, P, K, S, Cl, Na, Mg

What is the functional group of an amine?

Amino group

What is the functional group of an alcohol?

Hydroxyl group

What is the functional group of a thiol?

Sulfhyryl group

What is the functional group of an ether?

Ether linkage

What is the functional group of an aldehyde?

Carbonyl and acyl groups

What is the functional group of a ketone?

Carbonyl and acyl groups

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid (carboxylate)?

Carboxyl group or carboxylate group

What is the functional group of an ester?

Ester linkage

What is the functional group of an amide?

Amido group

What is the functional group of an imine?

Imino group

What is the functional group of a phosphoric acid ester?

Phosphoester linkage or, phosphoryl group

What is the functional group of a diphosphoric acid ester?

Phosphoanhydride linkage, diphosphoryl group, pyrophosphoryl group, orinorganic pyrophate

What is the use of x-ray crystallography?

It allows for the structure of biomolecules (mostly proteins) to be determined

What are the 3 methods of illustrating biochemical molecules?

Structural formula, ball and stick, and space filling

What is the most acurate way to illustrate biochemical molecules?

Space filling

What is the difffernece between nucleotides and nucleic acid?

Nucleotides are monomer components of nucleic acid, which is a polymer itself

True or false, amino acids are polymers?

False, amino acids are monomers and proteins are polymers

What are the 4 types of biochemical molecules?

Nucleotides/nucleic acids, lipids, amino acids/proteins, and carbohydrates

To have the complexity necessary for life monomers must?

Assemble into polymers

What is required for monomers to assemble?

Energy

What holds together nucleotides?

Phosphodiester bonds

What holds together amino acids?

Peptide bonds

What is the average number of amino acids in a protein?

300

What holds polysaccharides together?

Glycosidic bonds

Are membranes biopolymers?

No

What holds together membranes?

The hydrophobic effect

dNTPs are from what type of nucleic acid?

DNA

NTPs are from what type of nucleic acid?

RNA

Why aren't lipids biopolymers?

They are not true polymers despite having monomer/polymer features

What are the 3 functions of nucleic acids?

Encode information, carry out metabolic reactions, and support cellular structures

What are the 3 functions of proteins?

Carry out metabolic reactions, store energy, and support cellular structures

What are the 3 functions of polysaccharides?

Encode information, store energy, and support cellular structures

What are the two most common bond types in biology?

Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions

How are weak bonds able to support life?

Many weak bonds together create strong bonds (Ex. DNA)

Why is bonding geometry important in biochemistry?

It helps in determining a molecules shape

What are 3 examples of ionic interactions in biochemistry?

Carboxylic acids, amino groups, and cations

Both protein folding and membrane integrity depend on what effect?

The hydrophobic effect