History Midterm - (3rd) European Exploration Section

Prince Henry

Son of Portugal King, John I. His overseas exploration in 1415 led to conquering a Muslim city called Cueta, in North Africa. There, they found lots of gold, silver, and jewels. He founded navigation and his exploration led to trading posts in western Africa.

Bartolomeu Dias

Portuguese captain that sailed himself/his crew down the coast of Africa. He explored lots of new places like the southeast coast of Africa and almost India. However, his exploration was cut shot due to the lack of supplies/his crew’s conditions.

Vasco de Gama

Portuguese explorer that began exploring in 1497 and got to the east African coat in 1498. He an his crew discovered and brought back lots of silks, gems, and spices to Portugal. Also, his exploration led to profit/trading sea route to India.

Line of Demarcation

A boundary established in 1493/1494 by Pope Alexander VI and the Treaty of Tordesillas to divide non-European lands between Spain and Portugal. It tried to prevent conflict over new discoveries and grated Spin lands west of the line and Portugal lands to the east.

Treaty of Tordesillas

A treaty between Spain/Portugal that “honored the line.” Signed in 1494 and became the start of exploration/colonization.

Caravel

A small/fast type of sailing ship that sat high in the water and was used by most Spanish/Portuguese explored in the 15-h-16th centuries.

Lateen sails

A triangular sail mounted at an angle on a long yard. Revolutionized maritime history by allowing ships to sail against the wind. (tacking.) It was able to grant crucial, flexible, and efficient trade/exploration.

Hernando Cortes

A Spaniard that landed on the shores on Mexico is 1519. He helped colonize lots of Caribbean island sand marched into the American inlands to look for lands to claim for Spain.

Columbus

Spanish captain that made a great voyage in 1492, traveling west across the Atlantic in an attempt to find Asia. He accidentally found the islands of the Caribbean. His discovery brought the people of Asia, Europe, and the Americas together.

Pizarro

A Spanish conquistador that marched a small force into Southern America in 1532./ He conquered the Incan Empire and destroyed their culture, economy, and society,

Pilgrims

A group of people that founded a second English colony, Plymouth in Massachusetts. after being religiously persecuted from England, they were inspired by the Puritans to come and settle in America.

Separatists

English Protestants who separated from the Church of England.

Puritans

A group that sought religious freedom and built a model community for an example of how Christians should live.

What was the main economic activity in New France?

Beaver fur trade

Which two places did the English colonists settle first?

Massachusetts and Virginia.

How did England gain land from the French?

They fought over land inn the Ohio Valley in 1754. After the French and Indian War ended, France was forced to give up all of their land to England.

Triangular trade

The transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in the Americas.

Atlantic slave trade

The buying/transporting/selling of Africans for work in the Americas.

Middle Passage

The voyage that brought captured Africans to the Wets Indies, and later to North/South America, to be sold as slaves. Thus passage was considered the middle left of the triangular trade.

Why were slaves brought to the Americas?

For labor and harvesting cash crops.

How did some African rules participate in the slave trade?

They captured people inland and brought them to the coast to sell to European traders for guns/other goods.

How did Africans change the Americas?

They helped build the Americas, brought skill/culture (music + food). They also created mixed population races.

Columbian Exchange

The global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred during the European colonization of the Americas.