laser cooling pt2

four types of cooling have been developed

contact cooling

cryogen spray

air cooling

gel

contact cooling is

through a window cooled by circulating water or other internal coolant

this type of cooling is by far the most efficient method of keeping the epidermis protected since it provides a constant heat sink at the skin surface.

for contact cooling sapphire windows are

much more conductive than quartz

cryogen spray is

sprayed directly onto the skin immediately before and/or after the laser pulse

air cooling

forced cold air at -34 degrees C

gel is a

chilled, clear gel applied to the skin