Module 2 PPA Videos serie A

NSAIDs

ibuprofen,aspirin

COX-2 inhibitor

celecoxib

opiods

morphine, oxycontin

anticonvulsants

Gabapentin

tricyclic antidepressants

amitriptyline

nonspecific COX inhibitors

Nsaids (ibuprofen,aspirin)

COX-2 selective inhibitor

cox-2 inhibitor (celecoxib)

μ receptor agonist

Opioids ( morphine, oxycontin)

Na+ channel block,α2δ subunit of Ca 2+ channel

anticonvulsants ( gabapentin)

inhibit uptake of serotonin , norepinephrine

Tricyclic. Antidepressant ( amitriptyline)

site of action for Nsaids and COX-2 inhibitors,

peripheral and spinal

site of action for Opiods,Anticonvulsant, tricyclic antidepressants

supraspinal and spinal

NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors are more effective for______, and less effective for ______

tissue injury, nerve injury

Opiods are more effective for _____ and ______ and less effective to _________

tissue injury and acute stimuli, nerve injury

anticonvulsants are more effective for______ than ________ and less effective for _________

nerve injury, tissue injury, acute stimuli

tricyclic antidepressants are more effective for _____ and ______ and less effective for ________

nerve injury, tissue injury, acute stimuli

general anesthetics (nitrous oxide, isoflurane) and intravenous (propofol, ketamine) activate:

GABA

excitatory amino acids neurotransmitters drugs

NMDA,AMPA,kainate , ketamine and PCP

NMDA

Glutamate receptor agonist

AMPA and Kainate

Agonist at subtype of glutamate receptors

Ketamine and PCP

NMDA receptor antagonist

Mediates pain, motor function,learning and memory, cognition

NMDA

important for learning and memory

AMPA

Important pain signaling, found in spinal cord

Kainate

analgesics ( may be neuroprotective) Hallucinogens, but strong hallucinogens, and disrupt motor control,memory, cognition.

Ketamine and PCP

drug of abuse

PCP

Inhibitory amino acids neurotransmitters drugs

Benzodiazepines,barbiturates, muscimol, baclofen (lioresal) and strychnine

Benzos and barbiturates

GABA positive allosteric modulators

anxiolytic, sedatives

benzos and barbiturates

muscimol

GABA A agonist

sedative

muscimol

psychedelic compound found in Amanita muscaria mushrooms

muscimol

GABA B agonist

Baclofen (lioresal)

Baclofen

sedative, antispamodic used to treat muscle spasticity and pain

Glycine antagonist

strychnine

Strychnine

deadly poison ( used for rodent/animal control)

Haloperidol ( Haldol)

D2 > D1 antagonist

antipsychotic

Haloperidol (Haldol)

treatment for mania and Tourette's , WHO drug

haloperidol

Clozapine (Clozaril)

D4 antagonist

Antipsychotic, WHO drug

Clozapine

Treatment for Schizophrenia

Clozapine

Apomorphine

D2 agonist ( and to lesser extent D1)

Potent emetic

Apomorphine

treats Parkinson's disease

apomorphine

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

DAT AND NET inhibitor

psychostimulant

methylphenidate

treatment for ADHD and narcolepsy

Methylphenidate

cocaine

DAT inhibitor

psychostimulant

cocaine

cocaine

highly addictive, drug of abuse

amphetamine

VMAT modulator

psychostimulant

amphethamine

highly addictive, drug of abuse

amphetamine

imipramine

monoamine transport inhibitor

first in class tricyclic antidepressant

imipramine

Phenelzine

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

antidepressant

phenelzine

adrenergic neurotransmitters

phenylephrine, prazosin, clonidine, yohimbine, isoproterenol, propranolol, atomoxetine

α1 agonist

Phenylephrine

α1 blocker, act as inverse agonist

Prazosin

α2 agonist

Clonidine

α2 antagonist and others

yohimbine

nonselective β agonist

Isoproterenol

β antagonist nonselective , β blocker

propranolol

NET inhibitor

Atomoxetine

Decongestants

Phenylephrine

treatment for HBP, maybe alcoholism

prazosin

treatment for HBP, ADHD, PTSD, anxiety, modest analgesic

clonidine

possible antidepressant, studied for ED ( erectile dysfunction)

Yohimbine

treatment for bradycardia, historically use for asthma

isoproterenol

treatment for HBP, migraine, anxiety

Propranolol

treatment for ADHD

atomoxetine

Cholinergic system drugs

scopolamine, atropine, curare, dihydri -β- erythrodine, α-bungarotoxin

non selective mAchR antagonist

scopolamine,atropine

non-selective nAchR antagonist

curare

(α4)2(β4)3 antagonist

Dihydro-β-eryhtrodine

antagonist at (α7)5 nAchR

α-bungarotoxin

passes Na+, K+ and Ca2+

type (α7)5

passes Na+,K+, NO Ca2+

type (α4)2(β4)3

type (α4)2(β4)3

mediates rewarding effects of nicotine

type (α7)5

mediate pro-cognitive effect

both mAchR (M2,M4) and nAchR (vary) may work as

autoreceptor in both postsynaptic and presynaptic

Histamine drugs

cetirizine, famotidine, pitolisant, thioperamide

cetirizine (zyrtec)

H1 receptor antagonist

famotidine( pepcid)

H2 receptor antagonist

Pitolisant

H3 receptor antagonist

Thioperamide

H4/H3 receptor antagonist

Antihistamine for allergy, can induce sleepiness, WHO drug

Cetirizine

inhibits stomach acid production

famotidine

Narcolespy drug- promotes wakefulness

pitolisant

blocks histamine autoreceptors, enhancing histamine release by neurons

Thioperamide