psych disorder 2

what is anxiety comorbid with?

depression

what does anxiety involve?

- strong negative emotions
- strong physical apprehension
- generalized anxiety disorder

what are the strong negative emotions involved in anxiety?

fear, disgust, sadness

what are the strong physical apprehensions involved in anxiety?

- a quick fight or flight response
- always in preparation state

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

a general feeling of dread not tied to anything specific

what do you feel when you have GAD?

feel like something will always go wrong

what can trigger components of GAD?

always being worried

what can you have issues with when you have GAD?

panic attacks
- feeling of dread becomes more intense
- wont pass out even if you feel like you will

what are phobias?

having a specific anxiety reaction to some sort of trigger

what does the reaction have to be in order to be considered a phobia?

unreasonable

what is acrophobia?

fear of heights
- can have this even when standing on a chair

What is claustrophobia?

fear of enclosed spaces

What is brontophobia?

fear of storms

what is hydrophobia?

fear of water or drowning

did our ancestors experience phobias?

yes

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

unrealistic negative evaluation of one's appearance or a specific body part
- become very worried about other people seeing what you consider your physical flaws

who is trained to be on the lookout for body dysmorphic disorder? why?

plastic surgeons because surgery will not fix the disorder because it is mental

what does ptsd stand for?

post traumatic stress disorder

what does someone have to have experienced in order to have ptsd?

a traumatic event

what is something that is commonly done with people who have ptsd?

- hyper vigilance - constantly assessing potential threats around you
- fight or flight response - aware of the environment and very on edge

can you reexperience the traumatic event if you have ptsd?

yes

what happens to the traumatic event the more times it is recalled?

it becomes more emotionally resilient

when can the reexpierencing happen?

consciously or unconsciously

what kinds of thoughts are traumatic thoughts?

intrusive

how do children re experience trauma?

through play with other children

who are typical candidates for ptsd?

veterans or assault survivors

what do you see in relation to your brain when you have ptsd?

smaller hippocampus

what does misinterpreting harmless situations as potentially harmful apply to?

phobias and generalized anxiety

what is focusing on perceived threats

focusing on possibility of future threats

selective recall

recall information that can cause anxious cognitions

selective recalling: phobia of heights

remember heating information about people falling from bridges and that information recalling if thinking about phobic response

selective recalling: body dysmorphia

remember a comment someone made about your body

what do the origins of anxiety depend on?

the person

what is an example of conditioning someone to have anxiety?

anxious mothers may cause observational learning in children that pre exposes them to anxiety

learned anxiety disorder

learning that something is bad so you have anxiety towards that thing
- ex: learning that the world is bad so you experience anxiety in many aspects of life

anterior cingulate cortex

part of the brain that monitors behaviors and checks for errors in those behaviors

who has a hyperactive anterior cingulate cortex (acc)

people with anxiety

what is an example someone having a hyperactive acc?

when you can't fall asleep because you are thinking about an embarrassing moment

origins for anxiety: genetic

if there is history of anxiety disorders in the family their is a small increased risk that you will have a disorder

what happens if someone in your family have GAD?

it can put you at risk for any other anxiety disorder, including GAD

what is a way a person can get anxiety that has to do with their GABA?

if you have deficiency in GABA

what do anti anxiety drugs do?

increase GABA activity
- agonist

what is schizophrenia?

"split mind" - not processing reality correctly

what is the prevalence rate of schizophrenia?

1%

is there a high heritability rate with schizophrenia?

yes

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

hallucinations, delusions, catatonia

hallucinations

false sensory experiences that most of the time have to do with audio

delusions

false beliefs

catatonia

state of immobility and unresponsiveness lasting for long periods of time

how many types of schizophrenia did the DSM-4 say there was?

4

What are the two different categories of schizophrenia we have today?

acute and chronis

acute schizophrenia

condition has a sudden onset, can be treated easily, and episodes are shorter

chronic schizophrenia

slow developing process, harder to treat, and episodes are longer

what are the three clusters that personality disorders are organized in?

- odd eccentric
- dramatic-emotional/erratic
- anxious/fearful

Odd - ecentric personality disorders

people with personality disorders who feel very different from other people and have difficulty with interacting with other people

Odd ecentric personality disorders: schizoid personality

people who tend to have little interest in creating or maintaining any sort of relationship
- often times have very little emotional response

dramatic, emotional, or erratic personality disorder

person is very impulsive and has a lot of attention seeking behavior

dramatic, emotional, or erratic personality disorder: borderline personality disorder

person has a hard time regulating their emotions, maintaining their relationships, and has an inconsistent self image
ex: taylor swifts blank space video

Is borderline personality disorder diagnosed more in women or men?

women

dramatic, emotional, or erratic personality disorder: antisocial

have very little care for social norms or expectations
- tend to have a hot temper

who is commonly diagnosed with being antisocial?

criminal populations and police officers

are more women or men more antisocial?

men

anxious/fearful

high levels of anxiety

anxious/fearful: obsessive - compulsive personality disorder

- these people dont recognize irrationality in rituals
- they think it makes sense

Somatic Disorders

deal with issues relating to bodily awareness and anxiety

illness anxiety disorder

a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

what do people do who have illness anxiety disorder?

keep track of their temperature and blood pressure everyday and look for differences

somatic symptom disorder

physically display symptoms that don't have biologic cause

what causes the systems in somatic symptom disorder?

psychological causes

Facticious Disorder

Faking an illness in order to play the sick role

why do people fake illnesses?

because they want attention and you get attention when you are sick

factitious disorder imposed on another

a condition in which one person induces illness symptoms in someone else because they enjoy playing the nurse role

what is a way a person makes another sick?

poisoning them

who normally wants to make the other person sick?

parent to child, spouse or child to parent

dissociative disorders

disorders where you have extreme issues with either memory or identity

what copy of the DSM talks about dissociative disorders?

DSM-5

What do people have to experience before experiencing dissociative disorders?

some sort of trauma

What is DID?

dissociative identity disorder

dissociative identity disorder

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.

What kind of differences can you see in each physical identity in someone who has dissociative identity disorder?

physical differences - different blood pressure, different levels of eye sight

dissociative amnesia

someone is unable to recall details about a specific event that they went through (usually a traumatic event)
- can also see it with events relating to the trauma they had

What kind of people are commonly effected by dissociative amnesia?

crime victims - black out during the traumatic event and don't remember what happens

dissociative fungue

a person forgets who they are and start wandering into new places. They don't remember who they are or how they got there

What was fungue originally?

its own disorder that was separate from disassociate disorders

how can dissociative fungue be eliminated?

with proper treatment

what is dissociative fungue different from?

retrograde amnesia

is there a worldwide prevalence rate for suicide?

no

Which countries have half as many suicides as the US, Australia and Canada?

Spain, England, Italy

Who is twice as more likely to die from suicide than black, hispanic, or asian americans?

caucasians and native americans

are women or men more likely to attempt suicide?

women

who is two times more likely to die by suicide men or women? why?

men because they are much more likely to use guns

what age has the highest rate of suicide?

45-65 years old

what age has the second highest rate of suicide?

85 years old and up

are people who have more money more or less likely to commit suicide?

more likely

are people who are religious more or less likely to commit suicide?

less likely

are people who are married or not married more likely to commit suicide?

people who are not married

does a transgender person with familial support or without familial support more likely to commit suicide?

transgender person without familial support

what day of the week do 25% of suicide deaths happen on?

Wednesday

In what months do suicide rates tend to be higher?

April and May

When is your vulnerability increased for suicide?

- having someone in your friend group that died by suicide