chapter 9 male reproductive system

bulbourethral glands

A pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra. Also called Cowper glands

circumcision

removal of the prepuce (foreskin)

ejaculation

ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra

ejaculatory duct

tube through which semen enters the male urethra

epididymis (plural: epididymides)

One of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis. It stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens.

erectile dysfunction

inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; impotence

flagellum

hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move)

foreskin

fold of skin covering the head of the penis; prepuce

fraternal twins

two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells

glans penis

sensitive tip of the penis; comparable to the clitoris in the female

identical twins

two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg.

Infertility

in a man, any problem that lowers the chances of his female partner getting pregnant

interstitial cells of the testes

Specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes. These cells produce testosterone and are also called Leydig cells.

parenchymal tissue

Essential distinctive cells of an organ. In the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal.

penis

male external organ of reproduction

perineum (male)

external region between the anus and scrotum in the male

prepuce

foreskin; fold of skin covering the tip of the penis

prostate gland

exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder

Scrotum

External sac that contains the testes

Semen

spermatozoa (sperm cells) and seminal fluid (prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions), discharged from the urethra during ejaculation

seminal vesicles

paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid into the vas deferens

seminiferous tubules

Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes.

spermatozoon (plural: spermatozoa)

sperm cell

Sterilization

Procedure that removes a person's ability to produce or release reproductive cells; removal of testicles, vasectomy, and oophorectomy are sterilization procedures.

stromal tissue

supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma. Also called a stroma

testis (plural: testes)

Male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and testosterone

Testosterone

male hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes

vas deferens

narrow tube (one on each side) carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra. also called ductus deferens

andr/o

male

balan/o

glans penis

cry/o

cold

crypt/o

hidden

epididym/o

epididymis

gon/o

seed

hydr/o

water, fluid

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

testis, testicle

pen/o

penis

prostat/o

prostate gland

semin/i

semen, seed

sperm/o, spermat/o

spermatozoa, semen

terat/o

monster

test/o

testis, testicle

varic/o

varicose veins

vas/o

vessel, duct; vas deferens

zo/o

animal life

-genesis

formation

-one

hormone

-pexy

fixation, put in place

-stomy

new opening

testicular cancer (carcinoma of the testes)

malignant tumor of the testicles

cryptorchidism; cryptorchism

undescended testicles

hydrocele

sac of clear fluid in the scrotum

testicular torsion

twisting of the spermatic cord

varicocele

enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

benign growth of cells within the prostate gland

prostate cancer (carcinoma of the prostate)

malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland

hypospadias

congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip

Peyronie disease

abnormal curvature of penis caused by scar tissue in connective tissue of penis

phimosis

narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis

Chlamydia

Bacterial infection (by Chlamydia trachomatis) of the urethra and reproductive tract.

Gonorrhea

inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci (berry shaped bacteria)

herpes genitalis

infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)

human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus

Syphilis

chronic STI caused by a spirochete (spiral shaped bacterium)

PSA test

measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood

semen analysis

microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid

Castration

surgical excision of testicles or ovaries

Circumcision

surgical procedure to remove the prepuce (foreskin) of the penis

digital rectal examination (DRE)

finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland

photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GreenLight PVP)

removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser ("laser TURP")

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

removal of portions of prostate gland through the urethra

Vasectomy

bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens

BPH

benign prostatic hyperplasia

DRE

digital rectal examination

ED

erectile dysfunction

GU

genitourinary

HPV

human papillomavirus

HSV

herpes simplex virus

NSU

nonspecific urethritis (not due to gonorrhea or chlamydial infection)

PID

pelvic inflammatory disease

PIN

prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; a precursor of prostate cancer

PSA

prostate-specific antigen

PVP

photoselective vaporization of the prostate; GreenLight PVP

RALP

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy

RPR

rapid plasma reagin [test]; a test for syphilis

STD

sexually transmitted disease

STI

sexually transmitted infection

TRUS

transrectal ultrasound [examination]; test to assess the prostate and guide precise placement of a biopsy needle

TUIP

transurethral incision of the prostate; successful in less enlarged prostates and less invasive than TURP

TUMT

transurethral microwave thermotherapy

TUNA

transurethral needle ablation; radiofrequency energy destroys prostate tissue

TURP

transurethral resection of the prostate