Quizzes lecture 1-8

A necropsy of a 6 y/o, male neutered, DSH reveals edematous kidneys and pulmonary edema. Histopathology of the kidney shows numerous intratubular oxalate crystals. You recognize that this cat suffered from ethylene glycol toxicity and likely died due to acute renal failure resulting in cardiac arrest. In this case the cause of death is ______ and the mechanism of death is _________.

 

Ethylene glycol toxicity, acute renal failure and cardiac arrest

 

Acute renal failure and cardiac arrest, ethylene glycol toxicity

 

Acute renal failure and cardiac arrest, ethylene glycol toxicity

The image shows a clot that would be described as elastic, smooth, and gelatinous and was easily removed from the vessel lumen (not adhered to the wall). This is an example of a _________ and represents a/an ________.

Antemortem thrombus (before death); incidental lesion

 

Postmortem clot (after death); incidental lesion

 

Postmortem clot (after death); postmortem artifact

Postmortem clot (after death); postmortem artifact

This is small intestine from a horse that shows multifocal black foci representative of a condition referred to as hemomelasma ilei as well as a mesenteric, pedunculated lipoma that was NOT wrapped around the intestine. These lesions both are best defined as:

Incidental lesions

Clinically significant lesions

 

Agonal lesions

incidental lesions

In the “3D ATP” paradigm used to formulate a morphologic diagnosis, the three “Ds” are:

 

disorder, degree, distribution

 

degree, duration, distribution

 

disease, degree, duration

 

degree, duration, distribution

You perform a necropsy on a 3 y/o female spayed cat and notice multifocal white to tan, pinpoint to 4mm diameter foci scattered throughout the spleen. You quickly move the cat to a biosafety cabinet as you recognize that this lesion (along with multiple enlarged lymph nodes) is consistent with the zoonotic disease, Tularemia caused by the bacterial agent Francisella tularensis. Under the microscope, the white foci observed on the spleen are areas of necrosis surrounded by neutrophilic inflammation. 

Which of the following represents the etiologic diagnosis:

 

Francisella tularensis splenitis (splenic francisellosis)

 

Spleen, necrotizing and suppurative splenitis, multifocal, severe, acute

 

Viral splentitis

Francisella tularensis splenitis (splenic francisellosis)

You perform a necropsy on a 3 y/o female spayed cat and notice multifocal white to tan, pinpoint to 4mm diameter foci scattered throughout the spleen. You quickly move the cat to a biosafety cabinet as you recognize that this lesion (along with multiple enlarged lymph nodes) is consistent with the zoonotic disease, Tularemia caused by the bacterial agent Francisella tularensis. Under the microscope, the white foci observed on the spleen are areas of necrosis surrounded by neutrophilic inflammation. 

Which of the following represents the morphologic diagnosis:

 

Francisella tularensis splenitis

 

Spleen, necrotizing and suppurative splenitis, multifocal, severe, acute

 

Viral splentitis

Spleen, necrotizing and suppurative splenitis, multifocal, severe, acute

Which of the following is an example of an exogenous cause of disease?

 

Type I Hypersensitivity (immunologic condition)

 

Type I Diabetes (genetic condition)

 

Rodenticide poisoning

Rodenticide poisoning

This image depicts the bone marrow of the femur taken from an emaciated gazelle. There is complete loss of adipose (fat) from marrow cavity. The term used to describe this lesion is:

Fat necrosis

 

Serous atrophy of fat

 

Bone marrow hemorrhage

 

Serous atrophy of fat

Which of the following represents the pathogenesis (mechanism of disease) of primary photosensitivity:

 

Inherited defect in porphyrin metabolism → aberrant porphyrin metabolites deposited in skin → photosensitization

 

Chlorophyll from plants → metabolized to phylloerythrin by bacteria in rumen/colon → phylloerythrin persists in circulation in animals with liver disease (e.g. due to pyrrolizidine alkaloid intoxication) → phylloerythrin deposited in skin → photosensitization

 

Uptake/Ingestion of photodynamic compounds with food (e.g. St. John's wort) → deposition in skin → photosensitization

Uptake/Ingestion of photodynamic compounds with food (e.g. St. John's wort) → deposition in skin → photosensitization

Which of the following tissues/cell types is most sensitive to hypoxia?

 

Neurons

 

Cardiomyocytes

 

Keratinocytes

neurons

Which of the following is considered a hallmark of reversible cell injury?

 

Cellular swelling

 

Cellular shrinking

 

Cellular necrosis

Cellular swelling

The image shows a thrombus at the aortic bifurcation (“saddle thrombus”) in a cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. What type of hypoxia would result from this thrombus?

Hypoglycemic hypoxia

 

Anemic hypoxia

 

Ischemic hypoxia

Ischemic hypoxia

The image depicts the various nuclear morphologies associated with ______________ cell injury, which include karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and pyknosis.  Pyknosis is the term used to describe ____________.

 

Reversible; fragmented nucleus

 

Irreversible; shrunken nucleus

 

Irreversible; fragmented nucleus

Irreversible; shrunken nucleus

Oxidative Stress refers to:

 

Free radical induced injury

 

Oxygen induced injury

 

Hypoxia induced injury

Free radical induced injury

The image depicts a liver with fatty change, which is the result of inadequate apoprotein production (the enzyme needed to transport lipid out of cells) as a result of cell injury and damage to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. A way to confirm that this liver is affected by fatty change is:

Place in formalin and if it floats, this confirms fatty change

 

Place in formalin and if it sinks, this confirms fatty change

 

No need to do anything – nothing else can make a liver look this enlarged or pale yellow/orange.

Place in formalin and if it floats, this confirms fatty change

The image depicts a brain from a dog. In this type of necrosis, enzymatic digestion of cells predominates over protein denaturation and grossly (macroscopically), there is accumulation of soft, viscous, fluid. This is an example of what type of necrosis?

Coagulation (coagulative) necrosis

 

Caseous necrosis

 

Liquefactive (lytic) necrosis

Liquefactive (lytic) necrosis

The image depicts liver from a horse. In this type of necrosis, protein denaturation predominates over enzymatic digestion and grossly (macroscopically), the tissue is paler in color, is often firm, and may be swollen or shrunken. This is an example of what type of necrosis?

Coagulation (coagulative) necrosis

 

Caseous necrosis

 

Liquefactive (lytic) necrosis

Coagulation (coagulative) necrosis

The image depicts a lymph node from a cow. In this type of necrosis, is typically seen with specific bacterial diseases, such as tuberculosis, and grossly (macroscopically), the tissue is grey to white to tan, dry, and friable to pasty. This is an example of what type of necrosis?

Coagulation (coagulative) necrosis

 

Caseous necrosis

 

Liquefactive (lytic) necrosis

Caseous necrosis

The image depicts gingival hyperplasia in a dog. In the case of hyperplasia, the tissue/organ is enlarged due to:

Increased size of the cells

 

Increased number of the cells

 

Replacement of one cell type by a different cell type

Increased number of the cells

This radiograph is from a 15 year old, male neutered, mixed-breed dog. The arrows are pointing to multifocal, well-defined, 1- to 3.5-mm-diameter mineral opacities. These represent pulmonary osteomas, a common finding in clinically normal older dogs. The development of these nodules involves a change in differentiation from one cell type to another. This is an example of _______ and these would be considered a(n) _____________.

Metaplasia, postmortem artifact

Metaplasia, incidental lesion

 

Dysplasia, postmortem artifact

Metaplasia, incidental lesion

You receive a necropsy report that describes hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration within the liver of a dog and the cytoplasmic vacuoles are described as clear, indistinct, and irregular and the nuclei of the hepatocytes are centrally located. This represents accumulation of _________ within hepatocytes and is also referred to as ____________.

 

Lipid; steroid-induced hepatopathy

 

Lipid; hepatic lipidosis

 

Glycogen; steroid-induced hepatopathy

Glycogen; steroid-induced hepatopathy

The image shows the heart and pericardial sac from a bald eagle. The white, chalky material represents the deposition of urate salts. Name the condition.

Metastatic calcification

 

Dystrophic calcification

 

Gout

gout

You are examining a 1 year old, male neutered, Saint Bernard and notice that the pad of the 3^rd
digit of the left forelimb is enlarged by a hard nodule. The owner mentions that the dog had a grass awn (foxtail) embedded in that pad approximately 6 months prior. You suspect this may be an area of calcium deposition secondary to the previous trauma. This is an example of:

 

Metastatic calcification

 

Dystrophic calcification

 

Pseudogout

 

Dystrophic calcification

A goat digests Cestrum diurnum, a calcium accumulating plant that results in hypervitaminosis D. On necropsy examination, you note mineralization of the abomasal mucosa (as evidenced by hard texture and white/chalky, pinpoint lesions widely disseminated over the mucosal surface) and mineralization of the lungs (as noted by non-collapsed lungs upon opening of the thoracic cavity, and a firm to hard, crackly texture). This is an example of:

 

Metastatic calcification

 

Dystrophic calcification

 

Hypercalcemia of malignancy

Metastatic calcification