Final Exam Review for AP World History

Enlightenment Principles

Monarchs = bad;

consent of the governed, popular sovereignty, natural rights; social contract

Beliefs of Thomas Hobbes

Absolute monarchy.

Principles built into the government of the newly formed United States

Checks and balances, popular sovereignty.

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

Said during the French Revolution and stated in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.

Significance of the Haitian Revolution

first succesful slave revolt, led to republic of Haiti, inspired others

Characteristics of the Latin American Independence Movements

Inspired by enlightenment ideals and revolutions, led by creoles like Simon Bolivar and wanted independence from Spanish rule.

Agricultural Revolution II

Increased food production through crop rotation, new tech and tools, created more jobs for workers, led to people moving to cities, urbanization.

Reasons that the Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain

Access to coal and iron, capital from trade, had a stable government and a strong navy.

Cottage system vs. Factory system

cottage system = home based, factory system = monotonous and inhumane

Characteristics of factory life in the early years of the Industrial Revolution

Long hours, low wages, child labor, poor conditions.

Marxism

advocating for P to rebel and lead to the creation of a classless society, essentially the foundation of communism

Impact of the railroad in the expansion of the continental United States

enabled for westward expansion, boosted trade and connected distant markets, displaced NA

Manifest Destiny

a belief that it was the destiny of the United States to expand across North America and this basically justified taking territories from the natives

Tanzimat Reforms

these were ottoman reforms to modernize the empire with legal code, education, military and rights for no muslims

Outcome of the Opium Wars

Britain defeated china, forced to open trade, ceded Hong Kong through the Treaty of Nanking, weakened the Qing Dynasty

Japan before the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry

in isolation, under the tokugawa shogunate, limited trade and foreign contact

Policies of the Meiji Restoration

rapid modernization, industrialization, constitutional monarchy, military reform, education system

Differing attitudes between Japan, Qing China, and the Ottoman Empire

Japan wanted modernization and the Qing and Ottomans resisted which led to their decline

Social reasons for Imperializing

social darwanism, the civilizing mission, nationalism, religious conversion

Beliefs of Social Darwinists

applied the survival of the fittest to societies; justified imperialism and racial hierarchy

Causes of the Sepoy Rebellion (Mutiny of 1857)

greased cartidges that violated Hindu and muslim beliefs

M.A.I.N. causes of WWI

militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism

Reasons for the US entry into WWI

Unrestricted submarine warfare, the Zimmerman telegram, and economic ties to the Allies

Spanish Flu of 1918

the pandemic killed a lot of people worldwide, it was more deadly than war itself

Stipulations of the Treaty of Versailles

blamed Germany, heavy reparations, military restrictions, the League of Nations, and loss of territory

Response of the US Government to the Great Depression

New deal, public works program created jobs, bank reform, social security

Characteristics of a Totalitarian form of government

dictatorship, propaganda, state control of life and economy, suppression of dissent

Characteristics of Fascism

nationalism, authoritarianism, anti-communism, militarism, loyalty to the state and leader, (ex. Mussolini, Hitler)

Beliefs and actions of Gandhi

satyagraha, nonviolent civil disobedience, salt march, rejection of British rule and advocated for independence

Neo-colonialism

indirect control through economic and cultural influence rather than direct political rule

The United Fruit Company

U.S corp. controlling latin american economies, an example of economic imperialism, banana republics

Failures of the League of Nations

no enforcement power, the U.S didn't join, and couldn't prevent aggression (ex. Japan, Italy, Germany)

Characteristics of Nationalism

Loyalty to the nation over self; unifying but can be aggressive

Events that led to the beginning of WWII

Treaty of Versailles, policy of appeasement, rise of fascism, invasion of Poland

The Holocaust

systematic genocide of 6 mil jews and others by Nazi germany during WW2

Reasons for the Japanese surrender in WWII

Atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the US in 1945

Zionism

Jewish nationalist movement seeking a homeland in Palestine; led to the creation of Israel in 1948

Great Leap Forward

Mao Zedong's failed economic plan; collectivization caused famine and deaths

Causes of proxy wars in Korea and Vietnam

U.S and USSR backed opposing sides; cold war competition

Racist policies in South Africa

apartheid- legal racial segregation and discrimination until the 1990s

"Tank Man"

he was the dude who stood in front of the tanks during the tiananmen square massacre, symbolizing defiance

Islamic Revolution of 1979

it was led by Ayatollah Khomeini and he held about 60 plus american hostages and this destabilized the region

1980 invasion of Afghanistan

10 year guerilla war against afgan nationals by soviets, osama bin laden, us supported him

Osama bin Laden

he fought against the soviets in the Soviet-Afghan War from the Soviet Invasion of 1980 and the U.S supported him