Biology-Cell Membrane and transport

phospholipid bilayer

the cell membrane is made of a _____ _____

phospholipid bilayer

two sets of phospholipids arranged top to bottom

glycerol and phosphate

the head of a phospholipid bilayer

polar

the head of a phospholipid bilayer polarity

two fatty acid chains

the tail of a phospholipid bilayer

non polar

the tail of a phospholipid bilayer polarity

channel proteins

sticks the whole way through; allows materials to pass through

adhesion proteins

allows calls to stick together; outside of cell

receptor protein

identify the cell (outside); send messages

integral proteins

proteins that span the entire phospholipid bilayer (go the whole way through)

peripheral proteins

proteins that are only on one side of the phospholipid bilayer (inside or outside)

fluid mosaic

each phospholipid or protein can move or float around making the cell membrane a

selectively/semi permeable

only some things are allowed to pass through (the cell membrane is this)

provides protection, support, and structure (shape)

purpose of the cell membrane

passive transport

the movement of materials across a membrane without the use of energy

diffusion

when molecules move from an area of high to low concentration by spreading out like perfume

osmosis

water passing across the cell membrane (diffusion of water)

facilitated diffusion

the movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration to an area of low to high concentration through protein channels without the use of energy

tonicity

concentration of solutions

equilibrium

water will tend to move across the cell membrane until ______ is reached

isotonic

the solute has the same concentration as the cell

hypotonic

the solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell

in

if the area is hypotonic then the water will move

swell

hypotonic could hurt an organism by causing it to

cytolysis

animal cells swelling and bursting

hypertonic

solution has a high solute concentration than the cell

out

in an hypertonic area the water will move

shrivel

hypertonicity could hurt an organism by causing the cell to

plasmolysis

a cell shrinking from hypertonicity

ATP

active transport requires energy such as ___

active transport

materials moving from low to high with energy

ion pumps

pushes ions from low to high; requires energy; sets up a concentration gradient

Proteins Pumps

ion pumps are an example of ______ _____

endocytosis

large particles move materials into the cell by one of the two forms of _______

endocytosis

bringing molecules into the cell by forming a membrane vesicle around the molecule

nutrients

primary purpose of endocytosis

pinocytosis

endocytosis with liquids

phagocytosis

endocytosis with solids

white blood cells

what body cell uses endocytosis in its function

exocytosis

moving molecules out of the cell by forming a vesicle to join with the membrane

expelling waste and releasing hormones

the primary purpose of exocytosis is _______ ____ and ________ ______

out of

exo means

taking in

endo means

Yes because wastes need to exit the cell and nutrients need to be able to get into the cell, so for both of those things to happen, you'd need both endocytosis and exocytosis to work inside the cell.

Do you think that endocytosis and exocytosis can occur within the same cell? Explain your reasoning.

Amino acids would not be able to build proteins, and proteins are needed to help regulate cell's activity, so without amino acids, the cell could shut down and die.

Predict: If the transport proteins that carry amino acids into a cell stopped working, how might the process affect the cell?