phospholipid bilayer
the cell membrane is made of a _____ _____
phospholipid bilayer
two sets of phospholipids arranged top to bottom
glycerol and phosphate
the head of a phospholipid bilayer
polar
the head of a phospholipid bilayer polarity
two fatty acid chains
the tail of a phospholipid bilayer
non polar
the tail of a phospholipid bilayer polarity
channel proteins
sticks the whole way through; allows materials to pass through
adhesion proteins
allows calls to stick together; outside of cell
receptor protein
identify the cell (outside); send messages
integral proteins
proteins that span the entire phospholipid bilayer (go the whole way through)
peripheral proteins
proteins that are only on one side of the phospholipid bilayer (inside or outside)
fluid mosaic
each phospholipid or protein can move or float around making the cell membrane a
selectively/semi permeable
only some things are allowed to pass through (the cell membrane is this)
provides protection, support, and structure (shape)
purpose of the cell membrane
passive transport
the movement of materials across a membrane without the use of energy
diffusion
when molecules move from an area of high to low concentration by spreading out like perfume
osmosis
water passing across the cell membrane (diffusion of water)
facilitated diffusion
the movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration to an area of low to high concentration through protein channels without the use of energy
tonicity
concentration of solutions
equilibrium
water will tend to move across the cell membrane until ______ is reached
isotonic
the solute has the same concentration as the cell
hypotonic
the solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell
in
if the area is hypotonic then the water will move
swell
hypotonic could hurt an organism by causing it to
cytolysis
animal cells swelling and bursting
hypertonic
solution has a high solute concentration than the cell
out
in an hypertonic area the water will move
shrivel
hypertonicity could hurt an organism by causing the cell to
plasmolysis
a cell shrinking from hypertonicity
ATP
active transport requires energy such as ___
active transport
materials moving from low to high with energy
ion pumps
pushes ions from low to high; requires energy; sets up a concentration gradient
Proteins Pumps
ion pumps are an example of ______ _____
endocytosis
large particles move materials into the cell by one of the two forms of _______
endocytosis
bringing molecules into the cell by forming a membrane vesicle around the molecule
nutrients
primary purpose of endocytosis
pinocytosis
endocytosis with liquids
phagocytosis
endocytosis with solids
white blood cells
what body cell uses endocytosis in its function
exocytosis
moving molecules out of the cell by forming a vesicle to join with the membrane
expelling waste and releasing hormones
the primary purpose of exocytosis is _______ ____ and ________ ______
out of
exo means
taking in
endo means
Yes because wastes need to exit the cell and nutrients need to be able to get into the cell, so for both of those things to happen, you'd need both endocytosis and exocytosis to work inside the cell.
Do you think that endocytosis and exocytosis can occur within the same cell? Explain your reasoning.
Amino acids would not be able to build proteins, and proteins are needed to help regulate cell's activity, so without amino acids, the cell could shut down and die.
Predict: If the transport proteins that carry amino acids into a cell stopped working, how might the process affect the cell?