A&P Nervous/Endocrine/Cardiovascular/Lymph System Lab Practical

Lateral ventricle

Location: 2 largest ventricles; Function: Produce & hold CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

Third ventricle

Location: Midline (more at the top); Function: Receives CSF from lateral ventricles

Fourth ventricle

Location: Midline, more towards the bottom; Function: Sends CSF to spinal cord

Cerebral aqueduct

Location: Midbrain connecting the 3rd & 4th ventricles; Function: CSF flow

Choroid plexus

Location: Pink/red areas; Function: Produce CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

Frontrol lobe

Location: Front of cerebrum; Function: Voluntary motor movement

Parietal lobe

Location: Upper middle of cerebrum (skull); Function: Interprets sensory info

Occipital lobe

Location: Back of the brain; Function: Vision

Temporal lobe

Location: Sides of brain near ears; Function: Hearing

Corpus callosum

Location: Large C-shaped, middle of brain; Function: Connects left & right hemispheres

Cerebellum

Location: Rounded tree-like pattern structure in back of brain; Function: Balance & coordination

Pituitary gland

Location: Below hypothalmus, attached by infundibulum; Function: Release hormones

Thalamus

Location: Center of brain; Function: Sensory relay station

Hypothalamus

Location: Below thalamus; Function: Controls homeostasis

Midbrain

Location: Top of brainstem; Function: Visual & auditory reflexes

Pons

Location: Rounded bulge on the brainstem (middle); Function: Controls breathing rate

Medulla oblongata

Location: Lowest part of brainstem; Function: Controls heart rate & breathing

Central sulcus

Location: Grove between the frontal and parietal lobes; Function: separates motor and sensory areas

4th ventricle

Location: Between cerebellum & brainstem; Function: Allows CSF to flow

Dural sinus

Location: Within dura mater (between layers); Function: Drains venous blood from brain

Spinal cord

Location: Inside the spine; Function: Pathway for impulses to/from brain/reflexes

Dorsal roots of spinal nerves

Location: Back side of spinal cord; Function: Carries sensory info TO spinal cord

Ventral roots of spinal nerves

Location: Front side of spinal cord; Function: Carries motor signals AWAY from spinal cord

Dorsal root ganglion

Location: Bulge on dorsal root; Function: Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

Central canal

Location: Center of spinal cord; Function: Contains CSF

Intervertebraal foramen/foramina

Function: Passageway for spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord

Sensory neuron

(Unipolar) Sends signal to CNS

Interneuron

(Multipolar) Processes signal & passes signal

Motor neuron

(Multipolar) Sends signal to effector

Receptor

Detects stimulus

Effector

Carries out response

What is a unipolar neuron?

One process; used for sensory input

What is a multipolar neuron?

Many dendrites and one axon; used for processing and motor output

Dorsal root ganglion

Houses sensory neuron cell bodies

Dorsal root

Carries sensory signals INTO the spinal cord

Ventral root

Sends signals from the motor neuron to the effector

True spinal nerve

Carries both sensory and motor signals

Hypothalamus

Function: Controls pituitary (releasing hormones)

Pitutary gland

Function: “Master gland” (controls other glands)

Pineal gland

Function: Secretes melatonin (sleep cycle)

Thyroid gland

Function: Regulates metabolism

Adrenal gland

Function: Stress response (fight-or-flight)

Pancreas

Function: Regulates blood sugar

Testis

Function: Produces testosterone

Ovary

Function: Produces estrogen & progesterone