Chapter 4: Covalent Compounds, Formulas, and Structure
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21 Terms
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covalent bonds share electrons ____
equally
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polar covalent bonds share electrons ____
unequally
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nonpolar covalent bonds share electrons ____
unequally
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octet rule
noble gas configuration is achieved if there are eight electrons around each atom
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resonance structures
equally likely structures of a molecule
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free radicals
unpaired electrons
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formal charge
the valence electrons of an element minus the electrons allocated to it in the lewis structure
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electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract electrons
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dipole moments
the difference of electronegativity between two atoms in a covalent bond
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symmetrical molecules are usually ____
nonpolar
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asymmetrical molecules are usually ____
polar
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bond order
the average amount of bonds that an atom can make
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bonding domain
region where bonding occurs
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nonbonding domain
region designated for lone pairs
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derived structure
when a nonbonding pair is in a bonding region
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valence electron theory
covalent bonds overlap orbitals where bonding occurs and the spin is opposite
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molecular orbital theory
molecules are similar to atoms because the both have a charge and distinct energy levels where electrons are
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sigma bond
single bond
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sigma and pi bond
double bonds
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sigma and two pi bonds
triple bond
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hybrid orbitals
combination of two or more different orbitals with different energies