Unit 2 – Thinking and learning – Glossary

assess

/əˈses/ v to evaluate or judge đánh giá

assume

/əˈsjuːm/ v to accept something as true without proof cho rằng, giả định

baffle

/ˈbæf.əl/ v to confuse or puzzle someone gây bối rối, làm khó hiểu

biased

/ˈbaɪəst/ adj showing an unfair preference for or dislike of something thiên vị

concentrate

/ˈkɒn.sən.treɪt/ v to focus your attention on something tập trung

consider

/kənˈsɪd.ər/ v to think carefully about something cân nhắc

contemplate

/ˈkɒn.təm.pleɪt/ v to think about something deeply suy ngẫm

cynical

/ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/ adj believing people only act from selfish motives hoài nghi, hay giễu cợt

deduce

/dɪˈdjuːs/ v to reach a conclusion based on evidence suy luận

deliberate

/dɪˈlɪb.ər.ət/ v to think carefully before making a decision cân nhắc kỹ lưỡng

dilemma

/dɪˈlem.ə/ n a situation where a choice between equally bad options is needed tình huống khó xử

discriminate

/dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ v to treat someone unfairly or to recognize a difference phân biệt

dubious

/ˈdjuː.bi.əs/ adj doubtful, uncertain nghi ngờ, mơ hồ

estimate

/ˈes.tɪ.meɪt/ v,n roughly calculate or judge the value or amount ước tính

faith

/feɪθ/ n strong belief or trust niềm tin

gather

/ˈɡæð.ər/ v to collect or bring together thu thập

genius

/ˈdʒiː.ni.əs/ n someone with exceptional intelligence or skill thiên tài

grasp

/ɡrɑːsp/ v to understand something hiểu rõ

guesswork

/ˈɡes.wɜːk/ n the process of trying to find the answer by guessing sự phỏng đoán

hunch

/hʌntʃ/ n a feeling or guess about something without definite proof linh cảm

ideology

/ˌaɪ.diˈɒl.ə.dʒi/ n a set of beliefs or principles hệ tư tưởng

ingenious

/ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs/ adj very clever and inventive khéo léo, tài tình

inspiration

/ˌɪn.spəˈreɪ.ʃən/ n a sudden brilliant idea or motivation nguồn cảm hứng

intuition

/ˌɪn.tjuˈɪʃ.ən/ n understanding without rational reasoning trực giác

justify

/ˈdʒʌs.tɪ.faɪ/ v to show or prove something to be right or reasonable biện minh, chứng minh

naïve

/naɪˈiːv/ adj lacking experience or sophistication ngây thơ, nhẹ dạ

notion

/ˈnəʊ.ʃən/ n an idea, belief, or opinion quan niệm

optimistic

/ˌɒp.tɪˈmɪs.tɪk/ adj expecting the best outcome lạc quan

paradox

/ˈpær.ə.dɒks/ n a statement that contradicts itself but may be true nghịch lý

pessimistic

/ˌpes.ɪˈmɪs.tɪk/ adj expecting the worst outcome bi quan

plausible

/ˈplɔː.zə.bəl/ adj seeming reasonable or probable hợp lý, đáng tin

ponder

/ˈpɒn.dər/ v to think deeply about something suy ngẫm

prejudiced

/ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪst/ adj having an unfair and unreasonable opinion có thành kiến

presume

/prɪˈzjuːm/ v to believe something is true without proof cho là, đoán là

query

/ˈkwɪə.ri/ v,n to ask a question or express doubt truy vấn, câu hỏi

reckon

/ˈrek.ən/ v to think or believe cho rằng

reflect

/rɪˈflekt/ v to think deeply or carefully suy ngẫm, phản ánh

sceptical/skeptical

/ˈskep.tɪ.kəl/ adj doubting or questioning something hoài nghi

speculate

/ˈspek.jə.leɪt/ v to guess possible answers without knowing all the facts suy đoán

suppose

/səˈpəʊz/ v to think something is likely to be true giả sử, cho rằng

academic

/ˌæk.əˈdem.ɪk/ n, adj related to education or studying học thuật

conscientious

/ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs/ adj careful and hard-working tận tâm, chu đáo

cram

/kræm/ v to study hard in a short time before an exam nhồi nhét kiến thức

curriculum

/kəˈrɪk.jʊ.ləm/ n the subjects studied in a course chương trình học

distance learning

/ˈdɪs.təns ˈlɜː.nɪŋ/ n phr studying online or remotely học từ xa

graduate

/ˈɡrædʒ.u.ət/, /ˈɡrædʒ.u.eɪt/ v, n to finish a degree / a person who has finished a degree tốt nghiệp / người tốt nghiệp

ignorant

/ˈɪɡ.nər.ənt/ adj lacking knowledge or awareness thiếu hiểu biết

inattentive

/ˌɪn.əˈten.tɪv/ adj not paying attention không chú ý

intellectual

/ˌɪn.təlˈek.tʃu.əl/ n, adj relating to the ability to think and understand ideas trí thức; thuộc về trí tuệ

intelligent

/ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒənt/ adj able to learn and understand things easily thông minh

intensive

/ɪnˈten.sɪv/ adj involving a lot of effort in a short time chuyên sâu, cường độ cao

knowledgeable

/ˈnɒ.lɪ.dʒə.bəl/ adj well-informed or educated hiểu biết nhiều

lecture

/ˈlek.tʃər/ v, n to give a formal talk / a formal talk on a subject giảng bài / bài giảng

mock exam

/mɒk ɪɡˈzæm/ n phr a practice exam bài thi thử

plagiarise (UK)

/ˈpleɪ.dʒə.raɪz/ v to copy someone else's work and claim it as your own đạo văn

self-study

/ˌselfˈstʌd.i/ n learning done independently tự học

seminar

/ˈsem.ɪ.nɑːr/ n a small discussion-based class hội thảo, buổi thảo luận

special needs

/ˌspeʃ.əl ˈniːdz/ n phr requirements of people with physical or learning difficulties nhu cầu đặc biệt (giáo dục đặc biệt)

tuition

/tjuˈɪʃ.ən/ n money paid for education; teaching học phí

tutorial

/tjuːˈtɔː.ri.əl/ n a small class or one-to-one lesson buổi học phụ đạo / hướng dẫn

Phrasal Verb

Pronunciation English Meaning Vietnamese Meaning

brush up (on)

/brʌʃ ʌp ɒn/ practise and improve your skills or knowledge of something ôn lại, trau dồi kiến thức

come (a)round (to)

/kʌm əˈraʊnd tuː/ change your opinion or decision because someone persuaded you thay đổi ý kiến vì bị thuyết phục

come up with

/kʌm ʌp wɪð/ think of something such as an idea or a plan nghĩ ra (ý tưởng, kế hoạch)

face up to

/feɪs ʌp tuː/ accept something and try to deal with it chấp nhận và đối mặt với điều gì

figure out

/ˈfɪɡ.ər aʊt/ understand something or solve a problem hiểu ra, tìm ra cách giải quyết

hit upon

/hɪt əˈpɒn/ suddenly have an idea; discover something by chance tình cờ nảy ra ý tưởng

make out

/meɪk aʊt/ see, hear or understand something with difficulty; suggest, imply hiểu được, nhìn ra; ngụ ý

mull over

/mʌl ˈəʊ.vər/ think carefully about something over a period of time suy nghĩ kỹ lưỡng

piece together

/piːs təˈɡeð.ər/ learn the truth by considering all the separate bits of information ghép lại thông tin để hiểu rõ vấn đề

puzzle out

/ˈpʌz.əl aʊt/ solve a confusing or complicated problem by thinking carefully suy nghĩ để tìm ra lời giải

read up (on/about)

/riːd ʌp ɒn/ get information on a particular subject by reading a lot đọc thêm để tìm hiểu về điều gì

swot up (on)

/swɒt ʌp ɒn/ study something very hard, especially for an exam học nhồi, học cấp tốc

take in

/teɪk ɪn/ understand and remember something; accept as true; be tricked hiểu; tin (cả khi bị lừa)

think over

/θɪŋk ˈəʊ.vər/ consider a problem or decision carefully cân nhắc kỹ lưỡng

think through

/θɪŋk θruː/ consider the facts in an organised and thorough way suy xét thấu đáo

think up

/θɪŋk ʌp/ invent or imagine something, especially an excuse nghĩ ra (cớ, lý do, kế hoạch)

go to your head

/ɡəʊ tuː jɔː hed/ If success goes to your head, it makes you think you're more important than you really are thành công làm bạn kiêu ngạo

have your wits about you

/hæv jɔː wɪts əˈbaʊt juː/ Be able to think quickly and make sensible decisions phản ứng nhanh, giữ bình tĩnh để quyết định hợp lý

in the dark (about)

/ɪn ðə dɑːk əˈbaʊt/ Not knowing much because others are keeping it secret không biết gì, bị giấu thông tin

know what's what

/nəʊ wɒts wɒt/ Know the important facts about a situation biết rõ sự tình, biết cái gì là đúng/sai

not have a leg to stand on

/nɒt hæv ə leɡ tuː stænd ɒn/ Have no way of proving you're right không có bằng chứng để chứng minh mình đúng

not see the wood for trees

/nɒt siː ðə wʊd fə ðə triːz/ Can't see what's important due to focusing too much on small details quá chú ý tiểu tiết mà bỏ qua tổng thể

put two and two together

/pʊt tuː ænd tuː təˈɡeðə(r)/ Guess something based on what you've seen or heard suy ra, đoán ra từ dữ kiện có được

quick/slow on the uptake

/kwɪk/sləʊ ɒn ði ˈʌpteɪk/ Understand something quickly or slowly hiểu nhanh / hiểu chậm

ring a bell

/rɪŋ ə bel/ Sound familiar, even if you can't remember the details nghe quen quen, hình như đã từng biết

round the bend

/raʊnd ðə bend/ Crazy bị điên, loạn trí

split hairs

/splɪt heəz/ Argue or worry about unimportant small differences cãi vặt, soi mói chi tiết vụn vặt

take stock (of)

/teɪk stɒk ɒv/ Spend time thinking about a situation before deciding what to do đánh giá lại tình hình trước khi hành động

abrupt

/əˈbrʌpt/ Sudden and unexpected, often in a way that is unpleasant or shocking. đột ngột

ambiguous

/æmˈbɪɡjuəs/ Open to more than one interpretation; not having one obvious meaning. mơ hồ

colloquial

/kəˈloʊkwɪəl/ Characteristic of informal spoken language or conversation; used in everyday speech rather than in formal writing. thông tục

ingenious

/ɪnˈdʒiːniəs/ Clever, original, and inventive; demonstrating creativity in problem-solving. khéo léo

provisional

/prəˈvɪʒ.ən.əl/ Temporary; arranged for the present with the intention that it may be changed or replaced in the future. tạm thời

simultaneous

/ˌsaɪ.məlˈteɪ.ni.əs/ Existing or occurring at the same time; happening together in synchronization. đồng thời

timely

/ˈtaɪm.li/ Done or occurring at a favorable or useful time; appropriate, opportune. hợp thời, đúng lúc