Chapter 15: Psychological Therapies

Resistance

Resistance

________: occurring when a patient becomes reluctant to talk about a certain topic, by either changing the subject or becoming silent.

Electic

________: approach to therapy that results from combining elements of several different approaches or techniques.

Free Association

________: psychoanalytic technique in which a patient was encouraged to talk about anything that came to mind without fear of negative evaluations.

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

________ (IPT): form of therapy for depression that incorporates multiple approaches an 15.3 Humanistic Therapy: To Err is Human.

Empathy

________: the ability of the therapist to understand the feelings of the client.

Authenticity

________: the genuine, open, and honest response of the therapist to the client.

Transference

________: in psychoanalysis, the tendency for a patient or client to project positive or negative feelings for important people from the past onto the therapist.

possible attention

Time- Out: an extinction process in which a person is removed from the situation that provides reinforcement for undesirable behavior, usually by being placed in a quiet corner or room away from ________ and reinforcement opportunities 15.5 Cognitive Therapies: Thinking is Believing.

Systematic Desensitization

________: behavior technique used to treat phobias, in which a client is asked to make a list of ordered fears and taught to relax while concentrating on those fears.

Contingency Contract

________: a formal, written agreement between the therapist and client (or teacher and student) in which goals for behavioral change, reinforcements, and penalties are clearly stated.

Antidepressants

________: drugs used to treat depression and anxiety 15.11 ECT and Psychosurgery.

Psychotherapy

________: therapy for mental disorders in which a person with a problem talks with a psychological professional.

Unconditional Positive Regard

________: referring to the warmth, respect, and accepting atmosphere created by the therapist for the client in person- centered therapy; positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached.

Anterior Cingulotomy

Bilateral ________: a psychosurgical technique in which an electrode wire is inserted into the ________ gyrus, with the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging, to destroy a very small portion of that brain area with electric current.

Participant Modeling

________: technique in which a model demonstrates the desired behavior in a step by- step, gradual process while the client is encouraged to imitate the model.

Therapeutic Alliance

________: the relationship between therapist and client that develops as a warm, caring, accepting relationship characterized by empathy, mutual respect, and understanding.

Prefrontal Lobotomy

________: psychosurgery in which the connections of the prefrontal cortex to other areas of the brain are severed.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

________ (ECT): form of biomedical therapy to treat severe depression in which electrodes are placed on either one or both sides of a persons head and an electric current is passed through the electrodes that are strong enough to cause a seizure or convulsion.

Latent Content

________: the symbolic or hidden meaning of dreams.

Therapy

________: treatment methods aimed at making people feel better and function more effectively.

Nondirective

________: therapy style in which the therapist remains relatively neutral and does not interpret or take direct actions with regard to the client, instead of remaining a calm, nonjudgmental listener while the client talks.

Directive

________: therapy in which the therapist actively gives interpretations of a clients statements and may suggest certain behavior or actions.

Psychosurgery

________: surgery performed on brain tissue to relieve or control severe psychological disorders.

Psychopharmacology

________: the use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders.

Aversion Therapy

________: form of behavioral therapy in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an aversive stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior.