Chemistry CH. 1

Definition of Chemistry

Study of the composition, structure, physical and chemical properties and changes that may occur.

What are the 6 branches of chemistry?

1. Organic: the study of most carbon compounds
2. Inorganic: the study of everything that is not carbon based
3. Physical: the study of energy and changes of state
4. Analytic: identifying unknown substances
5. Theoretical: math and computers
6. Biochemistry: living things

WHICH IS AN EXTENSIVE PROPERTY?

Boiling Point 100*C
Freezing Point 0*C
25 Joules
Copper density 8.92 g/cm3

25 Joules

Which is an example of an element?

WATER
HYDROGEN
SALT WATER
RIVER WATER

Hydrogen

Be able to give an example of a heterogenous mixture

river water

Be able to give an example of a homogenous mixture

salt water

WHICH ONE IS A CHEMICAL CHANGE?

Evaporating
Melting
Burning
Freezing

Burning

Examples of Physical Properties

Color, sizes, shapes

What are the characteristics of a pure chemical compound?

Made of two or more different elements that are chemically combined

Solid state

A solid's atoms are always bound together in uniform composition

Chemical Properties

flammability, rusting, decomposing

Which (is/are) the product(s)?

water -> hydrogen + oxygen

hydrogen + oxygen

Which (is/are) the reactant(s)

water -> hydrogen + oxygen

Water

Compound

Two elements that are chemically bounded together

Homogenous

uniform in composition, physically combined

Mixture

two or more substances that are physically combined

Group/Family

Vertical column/group in periodic table

Atom

smallest unit of matter

Metalloid

In between metals (on the left) and nonmetals (on the right)

Basic research

carried out for the sake of knowledge

Metal

ductile, malleable, high strength, great conductors of heat and electricity

Mass

Amount of matter that makes up materials

Pure substances

Elements OR compounds, made up of 1 type of atom or two that are chemically combined

Noble gasses

Group of 18, very unreactive

Explain the difference between solid, liquid, and gaseous states in terms of the arrangement of particles:

SOLID: close together, fixed position
LIQUID: close together, flow
GAS: far apart, move rapidly, flow

Contrast Mixtures and Pure Substances

MIXTURES are substances that are PHYSICALLY COMBINED while PURE SUBSTANCES elements or compounds that are CHEMICALLY COMBINED.

What is the law of conservation of energy?

Energy is not created nor destroyed, it changes from one form to another.

Heterogenous mixtures are mixed (UNEVEN/EVENLY) while homogenous mixtures are (UNEVEN/EVENLY) mixed.

UNEVEN, EVENLY

How can you tell water is a compound and not an element?

You can run electricity through to decompose it.