Honors ethics and morality PCM ch 7

Original Sin

refers to the sin of the first humans

What are the three types of sin?

original, mortal, venial

Order of creation

Man, nature, animals, woman

Who named the animals?

man

what does woman represent?

perfection

Order of importance after the fall

nature, man, woman, animals

What was the social order after the fall?

patriarchal

Consequence of Original Sin

God closed the gates of heaven

Traditional understanding of Original Sin

We are born with Original Sin

Philosopher Dutton's understanding of Original Sin

We are born into Original Sin

What does it mean to be a human?

to be responsible for oneself

What does it mean to be responsible?

to be obligated

What is morality a consequence of?

obligation

Why is a moral being obligated?

A moral being is responsible and accountable

What can obligation be seen in terms of?

in terms of sin and virtue→holiness→wholeness

With sin as a religious reality, sin makes no sense if separated from?

the idea of God and our relationship with him

The quote, "I will be your God, and you will be My people," describes what?

the covenant

What is sin a failure to live up to?

the covenant

In the Old Testament, what did sin come to be seen as?

a refusal to be and do what God wanted us to be and do

How is sin our failure?

sin is our failure to accept the demands of the God of revelation on ourselves

idolatry

worshipping something in place of God

All sin is a form of what?

idolatry

What is the greatest sin?

self-sufficiency, idolatry of self

What is also seen as a rejection of God?

sins against one's neighbor

What is linked throughout scripture?

love of god and love for neighbor

True or false: Sin is not connected to any particular action in itself.

True

What is all sin?

selfishness

What is the focus of sin on?

on the meaning of the action and its effect on our relationship with God

What is sin in Scripture seen as?

a state, the state of independence from God, the state of self-sufficiency

What does the singular use of sin in the quote, "There is the lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world" (John 1:29), point to?

points to the idea that there is one great sinfulness in which we all participate

In common usage, what is sin?

the idea of things not right in the world

What three realities does sin point to?

sin as an act, a fact, and a state

"A sin is an action by which I refuse to do what I believe God wants me to do, and thereby injure my neighbor"

sin as an act

The traditional Catholic view was that sin is a what?

an act

What led to the idea of "actual sins?"

sin as an act

Sin is something we are subject to

sin as a fact

This was the idea of original sin, but it was always understood in terms of actual sin

sin as a fact

Why doe modern Catholics find it hard to accept the idea of original sin?

because it makes us responsible for the sins of another (sin as a fact)

What arose from the act of mortal sin?

sin as a state/direction

Why was mortal sin called mortal?

because it cut one off from god and destroyed that relationship

Sin was something people did

Sin as an act

What do both sin as a fact and sin as a state derive their meaning from?

sin as an act

What were mortal sins?

more serious acts

What was original sin an act of?

an act of Adam and Eve

In the view of medieval philosophy, the human person is what?

an agent

In the view of medieval philosophy, describing the human action became identical with what?

describing the human person

What did the approach of medieval philosophy regard the human person as?

two-dimensional

If humans are seen as only two dimensional, then this reality is the most significant?

sin as an act

Contemporary philosophical perspective

Humans are four-dimensional; we have depth and develop over time

This is not "the best of all possible worlds"

Sin as a fact

Expectations are disappointing, plans go unfulfilled, and desires are contradicted

sin as a fact

bad things happen to good people and it seems that evil people succeed

sin as a fact

Sin is not something we do but something we encounter

sin as a fact

This is *the* original sin

sin as a fact

It is sin as a situation, sin as a reality, sin as a curse

sin as a fact

Manichaeism

there are two gods, one good and the other evil; we are caught in the middle

What philosophy influenced Augustine?

manichaeism

Existentialism

the world is intrinsically evil, and sometimes evil appears as good

Proponent of existentialism

Kierkegaard

Judaeo-Christianity

the story of the man and the woman in the Garden of Eden; all of us are responsible for the situation we are in; the sin is "original" because it comes from the very beginning

The "original" sin was not one that was only introduced into the world by Adam and Eve; it is one in which we participate

sin as an act

At times we have chosen to do "acts" which have made the situation worse

sin as an act

It has become necessary to recognize that "I was wrong and I need forgiveness"

sin as an act

I discover at some point that I am truly free

Sin as a state/direction

I realize that I can either sin or grace my state in life

sin as a state/direction

I realize that I can shape the direction of my life, either toward the dream or away from it

sin as a state/direction

Since we are four-dimensional, sin is better seen as?

a direction rather than a state

Where is sin as a fact seen?

in the reality of original sin

What do we grow into?

the possibility of actual sin, the acts of sin in our own lives

What is the deepest question we must ever answer?

What will be the direction of our lives?

What should we do with the terminology that we have inherited as part of Catholic tradition?

Whatever the case, it cannot be ignored.

True or false: God was always faithful to the covenant

true

True or false: all sin is idolatry

true

True or false: one can determine whether or not an action is a sin without being the agent

false

In the Old Testament, all sin was a failure to live up to what?

the covanent

The basis for the deontological theories is what?

duty

True or false: the Old Testament has many examples of specific actions that are viewed as sins

false

True or false: In describing human actions, we are able to describe the human person who did the action

false

True or false: a sign of original sin in the world is that bad things happen to fundamentally good people

true

Because sins against one's neighbor are a rejection of God as well. we can say that all sin has a \_________dimension

social

In traditional theology, the only way to remove the affects of \_____ is through baptism

original sin

True or false: private sin does not exist

true

This is another way of speaking about the moral way of a person

sin as a direction

The traditional catholic view of sin regards this as the focal point of sin

sin as an act

True or false: The point of the story of original sin is that God is responsible for sin in the world

false

True or false: I can be certain of my fundamental state or direction based on the actions I have performed and reflection

false

It is possible for a good person to perform sinful acts without affecting their fundamentally good stance

true

Venial sins

refers to those that are small and petty in nature

Failure to fulfill a \___ can be seen to create a condition of sin, while fulfilling it creates a stance of virtue

obligation

Another name for the dimension of depth

personhood

True or false: According to contemporary theology, we are able to participate in Original Sin

True (personal sin)

What comes through mortal sin?

direction

A fundamental option could be seen at this level

sin as an act

This is the basis for the orientation of one's life

sin as a direction

True or false: The reason Catholics must be baptized is because God has never forgiven original sin

false