Honors ethics and morality PCM ch 7

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95 Terms

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Original Sin

refers to the sin of the first humans

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What are the three types of sin?

original, mortal, venial

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Order of creation

Man, nature, animals, woman

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Who named the animals?

man

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what does woman represent?

perfection

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Order of importance after the fall

nature, man, woman, animals

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What was the social order after the fall?

patriarchal

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Consequence of Original Sin

God closed the gates of heaven

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Traditional understanding of Original Sin

We are born with Original Sin

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Philosopher Dutton's understanding of Original Sin

We are born into Original Sin

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What does it mean to be a human?

to be responsible for oneself

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What does it mean to be responsible?

to be obligated

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What is morality a consequence of?

obligation

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Why is a moral being obligated?

A moral being is responsible and accountable

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What can obligation be seen in terms of?

in terms of sin and virtue→holiness→wholeness

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With sin as a religious reality, sin makes no sense if separated from?

the idea of God and our relationship with him

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The quote, "I will be your God, and you will be My people," describes what?

the covenant

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What is sin a failure to live up to?

the covenant

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In the Old Testament, what did sin come to be seen as?

a refusal to be and do what God wanted us to be and do

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How is sin our failure?

sin is our failure to accept the demands of the God of revelation on ourselves

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idolatry

worshipping something in place of God

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All sin is a form of what?

idolatry

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What is the greatest sin?

self-sufficiency, idolatry of self

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What is also seen as a rejection of God?

sins against one's neighbor

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What is linked throughout scripture?

love of god and love for neighbor

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True or false: Sin is not connected to any particular action in itself.

True

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What is all sin?

selfishness

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What is the focus of sin on?

on the meaning of the action and its effect on our relationship with God

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What is sin in Scripture seen as?

a state, the state of independence from God, the state of self-sufficiency

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What does the singular use of sin in the quote, "There is the lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world" (John 1:29), point to?

points to the idea that there is one great sinfulness in which we all participate

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In common usage, what is sin?

the idea of things not right in the world

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What three realities does sin point to?

sin as an act, a fact, and a state

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"A sin is an action by which I refuse to do what I believe God wants me to do, and thereby injure my neighbor"

sin as an act

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The traditional Catholic view was that sin is a what?

an act

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What led to the idea of "actual sins?"

sin as an act

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Sin is something we are subject to

sin as a fact

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This was the idea of original sin, but it was always understood in terms of actual sin

sin as a fact

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Why doe modern Catholics find it hard to accept the idea of original sin?

because it makes us responsible for the sins of another (sin as a fact)

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What arose from the act of mortal sin?

sin as a state/direction

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Why was mortal sin called mortal?

because it cut one off from god and destroyed that relationship

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Sin was something people did

Sin as an act

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What do both sin as a fact and sin as a state derive their meaning from?

sin as an act

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What were mortal sins?

more serious acts

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What was original sin an act of?

an act of Adam and Eve

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In the view of medieval philosophy, the human person is what?

an agent

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In the view of medieval philosophy, describing the human action became identical with what?

describing the human person

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What did the approach of medieval philosophy regard the human person as?

two-dimensional

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If humans are seen as only two dimensional, then this reality is the most significant?

sin as an act

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Contemporary philosophical perspective

Humans are four-dimensional; we have depth and develop over time

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This is not "the best of all possible worlds"

Sin as a fact

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Expectations are disappointing, plans go unfulfilled, and desires are contradicted

sin as a fact

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bad things happen to good people and it seems that evil people succeed

sin as a fact

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Sin is not something we do but something we encounter

sin as a fact

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This is the original sin

sin as a fact

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It is sin as a situation, sin as a reality, sin as a curse

sin as a fact

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Manichaeism

there are two gods, one good and the other evil; we are caught in the middle

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What philosophy influenced Augustine?

manichaeism

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Existentialism

the world is intrinsically evil, and sometimes evil appears as good

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Proponent of existentialism

Kierkegaard

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Judaeo-Christianity

the story of the man and the woman in the Garden of Eden; all of us are responsible for the situation we are in; the sin is "original" because it comes from the very beginning

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The "original" sin was not one that was only introduced into the world by Adam and Eve; it is one in which we participate

sin as an act

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At times we have chosen to do "acts" which have made the situation worse

sin as an act

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It has become necessary to recognize that "I was wrong and I need forgiveness"

sin as an act

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I discover at some point that I am truly free

Sin as a state/direction

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I realize that I can either sin or grace my state in life

sin as a state/direction

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I realize that I can shape the direction of my life, either toward the dream or away from it

sin as a state/direction

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Since we are four-dimensional, sin is better seen as?

a direction rather than a state

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Where is sin as a fact seen?

in the reality of original sin

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What do we grow into?

the possibility of actual sin, the acts of sin in our own lives

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What is the deepest question we must ever answer?

What will be the direction of our lives?

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What should we do with the terminology that we have inherited as part of Catholic tradition?

Whatever the case, it cannot be ignored.

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True or false: God was always faithful to the covenant

true

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True or false: all sin is idolatry

true

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True or false: one can determine whether or not an action is a sin without being the agent

false

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In the Old Testament, all sin was a failure to live up to what?

the covanent

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The basis for the deontological theories is what?

duty

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True or false: the Old Testament has many examples of specific actions that are viewed as sins

false

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True or false: In describing human actions, we are able to describe the human person who did the action

false

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True or false: a sign of original sin in the world is that bad things happen to fundamentally good people

true

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Because sins against one's neighbor are a rejection of God as well. we can say that all sin has a _dimension

social

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In traditional theology, the only way to remove the affects of _____ is through baptism

original sin

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True or false: private sin does not exist

true

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This is another way of speaking about the moral way of a person

sin as a direction

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The traditional catholic view of sin regards this as the focal point of sin

sin as an act

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True or false: The point of the story of original sin is that God is responsible for sin in the world

false

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True or false: I can be certain of my fundamental state or direction based on the actions I have performed and reflection

false

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It is possible for a good person to perform sinful acts without affecting their fundamentally good stance

true

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Venial sins

refers to those that are small and petty in nature

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Failure to fulfill a ___ can be seen to create a condition of sin, while fulfilling it creates a stance of virtue

obligation

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Another name for the dimension of depth

personhood

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True or false: According to contemporary theology, we are able to participate in Original Sin

True (personal sin)

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What comes through mortal sin?

direction

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A fundamental option could be seen at this level

sin as an act

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This is the basis for the orientation of one's life

sin as a direction

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True or false: The reason Catholics must be baptized is because God has never forgiven original sin

false