English final

Narrator

Person who narrates something

Creditability

A quality of being trusted in and believed in

Dramatic irony

Audience knows something characters don’t

Verbal irony

When a character says one thing but really means the opposite

Situational irony

When actions or events have the opposite result of what is expected

Imagery

Language designed to appeal to these senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, and sound)

Context clues

Hints in a sentence to help the ready identify a unfamiliar word

Figurative language

Simile- uses a comparison to describe

Metaphor-describes a object or action in a way that isn’t literally true (ex: life is a highway)

Personification-non humans characteristics by describing them with human attributes (ex: the sun smiled down on us)

Hyperbole-exaggerated statements (ex: I’m so hungry I could eat a horse)

Allusion-hint at something and expect the other person to understand (ex: chocolate cake is my Achilles heel)

Intent

Intention or purpose

Generalization

Ex: all birds have wings, many children eat cereal for breakfast

Objectivity

in a objective rather than a bias way

Subjectivity

Influence of person beliefs or feelings

Biography

Basic information about a subjects life

Autobiography

A persons life written by that person

Primary source

Evidence of history (ex: constitutions, statues)

Secondary source

Created later by someone who did not see it first hand (ex: textbooks, articles)

Internal conflict

A struggle that takes place inside a character

External conflict

Struggle that takes place physically

Foreshadowing

A hint towards a future event

Flashback

Something that happened in the past

Plot components

Exposition- book’s introduction

Rising action-related series of events that lead towards the main idea

Climax-point of highest dramatic tension

Falling action-everything that takes place right after the climax

Resolution-end of the story

How to figure a theme out

What is the story about?

What is the lesson?

How to state a theme

identify conflicts and central ideas

How not to state a theme

Don’t be obvious

Don’t have it be one word

First person

Uses words I/we

Second person

Uses words like YOU

Third person limited

Narrator tells the story from a single protagonist referring to them by name they/she/he

Third person omniscient

Narrator knows what the character is doing, thinking, or feeling

Noun

Person, place or thing

Verb

Causes action or movement

(Am, are, is, was, were, be, been, have, has, had, do, does, did, may, might, can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, being)

Adjective

Modifies a noun

a, an, the

Adverb

Give more information about how, where, when

Often end in LY

Sometime, someday, never, after, before, until, later, now, rather, somewhat, very, really, quite, too, so, somewhere, nowhere, everywhere, anywhere, elsewhere

Preposition

Generally small words

(To, by, of, for, in)

Conjunction

Connect words or ideas in a sentence

And, but, for, nor, or, yet, so, although, because, while, wherever, unless

Fragments

It’s missing something (ex: because of the rain.)

Flat character

2 dimensional character with no depth

Round character

Many traits

Stock character

Fits a stereotype

Static character

Character does not change

Dynamic

A character who changes in a major way