Organic Chemistry Functional Groups

Functional Groups

Hydrocarbons

Cs + Hs only.

Alkanes

Single-Bonded Hydrocarbons. C-C

Alkenes

Double-Bonded Hydrocarbons. C--C

Alkynes

Triple-Bonded Hydrocarbons. C---C

Aromatic

Form rings Ex: Benzene

Alkyl halides or Haloalkanes

C-X where X is a Halogen (F,Cl,Br,I)

CH3-X

Methylhalide

Primary Halide 1⁰

Halogen bonded to a carbon that is bonded to one carbon. (C-C-X)

Secondary Halide 2⁰

Halogen bonded to a carbon that is bonded to 2 carbons. (C2-C-X)

Tertiary Halide 3⁰

Halogen bonded to a carbon that is bonded to 3 carbons. (C3-C-X)

Alcohol

Carbon bonded to a hydroxide. C-OH

Methyl Alcohol

Methyl(CH3)-Alcohol(OH)

Primary Alcohol

Hydroxide bonded to a carbon that is bonded to one carbon. OH-C-C

Secondary Alcohol

Hydroxide bonded to a carbon that is bonded to two carbons. OH-C-C2

Tertiary Alcohol

Hydroxide bonded to a carbon that is bonded to three carbons. OH-C-C3

Thiols

C-SH

Ethers

C-O-C

Thioethers

C-S-C

Amines

C-N

Primary Amine

CNH2

Secondary Amine

C2NH

Tertiary Amine

C3N

Carbonyl Group

C--O (double bond)

Aldehyde

Carbonyl Group bonded to H.

Ketone

Carbonyl Group bonded to 2 carbons.

Carboxylic Acid

Carbonyl Group bonded to a hydroxide.

Ester

Carbonyl Group bonded to an oxygen with a carbon.

Anhydride

2 Carbonyl Groups bonded to another O via the carbons.

Acid Halide

Carbonyl Group bonded to a Halogen.

Amide

Carbonyl Group bonded to N with lone pair.

Nitriles

C---N (Triple Bond)