Afro American Music

He is credited with leading the development of the true jazz solo:

Charles "Buddy" Bolden
"Jelly Roll" Morton
Joseph "King" Oliver
Louis Armstrong

Louis Armstrong

He was the first black musician to publish a rag

Scott Joplin
Tom Turpin

Tom Turpin

The blues melodic structure is

AAB
ABA
ABC
BBA

AAB

The blues melodic structure is:

I IV I V IV I
I V I IV V I
I V II VI V I
II IV III V I II

I IV I V IV I

This instrument permanently replaced the tuba in the Northern classic jazz ensemble:

banjo
piano
string bass
trombone

string bass

Jig rag musicians published many rags. TRUE or FALSE

false

a typical Tin Pan Alley blues song needed only

accompaniment
the word "blues"
to be fast-paced
to be sung in the south

To be considered blues

In ragtime piano music the left hand provides the

bass line and harmony
melody and bass line
melody and harmony
none of the above

In the New Orleans jazz ensemble, this instrument served both the front line and the rhythm section.

clarinet

trombone

trumpet

tuba

Rural blues musicians would often stray from the twelve-bar form. TRUE or FALSE

true

The front line of the New Orleans Classic Jazz ensemble consisted of

doubling and tripling of instruments
one of each instrument

one of each instrument

A typical New Orleans jazz front line would consist of the following instruments:

clarinet

trumpet

This instrument tended to carry the tune in the New Orleans jazz ensemble.

trumpet

trombone

clarinet

tuba

trumpet

Boogie-woogie blues

is originally piano-based

uses a walking bass line

is usually fast paced

a and c

a

b

His opera "Treemonisha" was groundbreaking in that it included folk dances and dialect:

Robert Johnson
Scott Joplin
Thomas "Fats" Waller
Tom Turpin

Scott Joplin

Bebop harmonic changes:

quick

Bebop melody:

fast-paced

This music style had a greater use of dissonance.

Bebop

This music style created new melodies over existing harmonies.

Bebop

This music style created new harmonies under existing melodies.

Bebop

This music style was politically and socially vocal.

Bebop

Song titles in bebop were:

onomatopoeic

Minton's Playhouse

after hour clubs where bebop musicians played freely

Thelonious Monk

piano \= comping

bold use of dissonance

Kenny Clarke

drums --\> shifting accents

ride cymbal \= timekeeper
bass drum & snare drum \= used to "drop bombs"
string bass \= secondary timekeeper

Dizzy Gilespie

trumpet

professor of bebop

Charlie Parker

saxophone

mastermind of bebop

Cool jazz preferred \____ over technical facility.

sonority

Cool jazz harmonic pace:

slower

Cool jazz melodic pace:

slower

Cool jazz had \____ focus on the soloist

less

\____ musicians composed cool jazz.

Classical

In cool jazz

jazz was performed on:

Song titles in cool jazz were sometimes:

classical

Type of meter used in cool jazz:

odd/uneven

Miles Davis (cool jazz)

trumpet

created Birth of the Cool album

Gil Evans

piano

white arranger of songs on Birth of the Cool

Dave Brubeck

piano

white musician

Time Out \= 1st jazz album to sell 1 million copies

Cool jazz was (more/less) politically active than bebop.

less

Cool jazz musicians prided themselves on being \____.

colorblind

Cool jazz was known as a (black/white) sound.

white

Hard bop wanted to return to:

the dance floor

the folk appeal of blues

Hard bop melodies were:

simpler

Hard bop used \_____ melodies.

swing

Hard bop was known as a (black/white) sound.

black

"Sonny" Rollins instrument:

tenor saxophone

Jimmy Smith instrument:

Hammond B3 organ

Art Blakey instrument:

drums

Art Blakey & the Jazz Messengers instruments:

trumpet

Horace Silver instrument:

piano

This music style implemented 12th & 13th century church modes:

modal jazz

This music style used limited chord changes and improvised over 2 or 3 chords:

modal jazz

This music style sustained low notes for a long period of time (pedal point).

modal jazz

In modal jazz

the soloist had more freedom to:

George Russell

white music theorist

Miles Davis (modal jazz)

album "Kind of Blue"

John Coltrane (modal jazz)

saxophone

album My Favorite Things

Free jazz musicians sought freedom from:

form

This music style removed harmony-creating instruments:

Free jazz

Harmony-creating instruments:

piano/organ

Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM)

free jazz guild

offered free music lessons to Chicago youth

Black Artists Group (BAG)

free jazz guild

consisted of artists of all types

multimedia presentation

Ornette Coleman

alto saxophone

album Free Jazz

John Coltrane (free jazz) instrument:

soprano

Charles Mingus

string bass

use of the bow

unusual effects

Cecil Taylor

piano

percussive

melodic dissonance

This music style combined popular styles (including rock & funk) with the improvisational styles of modal & free jazz.

fusion jazz

This music style used electric keyboards

fusion jazz

This music style used electronic sound manipulation

fusion jazz

Overdubbing

record voice & layer it on top of each other

Looping

repeating section of sound material

Miles Davis

album Bitches Brew

Grover Washington

song "Mister Magic"

Herbie Hancock

song "Rock It"

Young Lions/New Traditionalists sought a return to:

ideals of bebop-through-modal jazz periods

Golden age of modern jazz

bebop-through-modal jazz periods

1945-1965

Young Lions/New Traditionalists despised:

free & fusion jazz

Young Lions/New Traditionalists were classically trained and comfortable in:

both classical & jazz circles

Jazz at Lincoln Center

Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra

part of national center with classical orchestra

Wynton Marsalis

trumpet

won Grammy for classical & jazz recordings in same year

Marcus Roberts

piano

Christian McBride

string bass

Patrice Rushen

piano

This music style began after big bands began to fold.

rhythm & blues (1st generation)

This music style began after musicians were drafted into WWII.

rhythm & blues (1st generation)

This music style began after big bands could no longer sustain themselves financially.

rhythm & blues (1st generation)

1st generation rhythm & blues was performed by:

swing musicians

Billboard Magazine

changed Race Music category to Rhythm & Blues (1949)

This 1st generation rhythm & blues musician played the alto saxophone.

Louis Jordan

This 1st generation rhythm & blues musician was the 1st successful rhythm & blues crossover artist.

Louis Jordan

This 1st generation rhythm & blues musician played the piano.

Nat King Cole

This 1st generation rhythm & blues musician established the piano-guitar-bass trio.

Nat King Cole

This music style consisted of urban teens & young adults.

rhythm & blues (2nd generation)

This music style consisted of musically illiterate musicians.

rhythm & blues (2nd generation)

This music style consisted of mostly vocalists.

rhythm & blues (2nd generation)

2nd generation rhythm & blues musicians were strongly influenced by:

vocal quartets

What caused the rise of independent record labels?

Great depression --\> major record labels stopped producing Black music

Most independent record companies were in the:

north

This independent record label pioneered dance rhythm based on rumba rhythm.

Atlanta Records

This independent record label was one of the 1st successful black-owned labels.

Vee-Jay Records