Ap Human 3.5-3.8 Vocab

Imperialism

The dominance of one country through diplomacy, force, direct conquest, economic control, or cultural dominance(More broader)

Colonialism

type of imperialism in which people move into and settle on the land of another country

Animism 

The belief that non living objects, such as river or mountains, possess spirits

Native speakers 

those who use the language learned from birth

Lingua Franca

A common language used by speakers of two different languages for communication

Slang

words used informally by a segment of the population

Pidgin languages 

An extremely simplified, limited non native used by two people that speak two different languages 

Creole language

A pidgin language that develops into a new combined language with native speakers

Social constructs

are ideas, concepts, or perceptions that have been created and accepted by people in a society or social group and are not created by nature

Time space convergence 

The shrinking of the world due to improvements in communication and transportation technologies 

Cultural convergence

cultures are becoming similar to each other and sharing more cultural traits, ideas, and beliefs 

Cultural divergence

is the idea that a culture may change over time as the elements of distance, time, physical separation, and modern technology create division and changes

Linguists

scientists who study languages 

Language tree

because it suggest how several languages are related to each other, as well as how one language grows out of another 

Indo european language family

a large group of languages that might have descended from a language spoken around 6,000 years ago. Germanic, romance, balto slavic, indo iranian

Romance languages 

the unifying of languages of latin diverged into dozen of distinct regional languages 

Isoglosses

the boundaries between variations in pronunciations of word usage

Dialects

variations in accent, grammer, usage, and spelling

Adages

sayings that attempt to express a truth about life

Toponyms

name of places, can provide insights into the physical geography, the history, or the culture of a location or region 

Official language

one designated by law to be the language of government

Homogeneous 

or made up largely of ethnically similar people

Adherents

descendants of immigrants often adopt a new language but continue to practice the faith of their ancestors and remain…or believers in their faith

Ethnic religions

are belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers. ties with ethnic group and is not universalizing. Judaism, Hinduism

Universal religion 

religions that seek to be inclusive and applicable to all people, regardless of their background.

Hinduism

One of the oldest religions, mainly in India. Believes in many gods (polytheism), reincarnation, karma, and reaching moksha (liberation from the cycle of rebirth).

Polytheistic

having many gods

Monotheistic

having one god

Karma

the idea that behaviors have consequences in the present life or future life

Caste system

a rigid social hierarchy where individuals are born into a fixed social group with a hereditary status that determines their occupation, social standing, and opportunities.

Buddhism

Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) in India. Focuses on ending suffering through the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path to reach nirvana (enlightenment).

Sikhism

Started in the Punjab region of India in the 1400s. Believes in one God, equality of all people, and doing good deeds. Followers meet in a gurdwara (place of worship).

Gurdwara

A Sikh place of worship where Sikhs gather to pray, sing hymns, and share a community meal (langar).

Judaism 

One of the oldest monotheistic religions, founded by Abraham. Follows the Torah and believes in one God who made a covenant with the Jewish people.

Christianity

Based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. Believes in one God and that Jesus is the Son of God and Savior. The Bible is its holy book.

Islam

Founded by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia. Believes in one God (Allah) and follows the Five Pillars of Islam and the Qur’an as the holy book.

Pilgrimage

a religious journey taken by a person to a sacred place of his or her religion

Homogenization

making people of different places more alike

Acculturation

often, an ethnic group or immigrant group moving to a new area adopts the values and practices of the larger group that has received them, while still maintaining valuable elements of their own culture 

Assimilation 

happens when an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group

Syncretism

the fusion or blending or two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid is called

Glocalalization 

is a form of syncretism that involves the creation of products or services for the global market by adapting them to local cultures

Nativist

or anti immigrant, attitudes may form among the cultural majority, sometimes bringing violence and government actions against the immigrant or minority group