Diffusion and Osmosis: Key Concepts and Examples

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11 Terms

1

Diffusion

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

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2

Type of transport for diffusion

Passive transport (does not require energy).

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3

Factors affecting the rate of diffusion

Temperature, concentration gradient, surface area, particle size, and the presence of barriers (e.g., membranes).

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4

Example of diffusion in the body

Oxygen diffusing from the alveoli into the bloodstream in the lungs.

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5

Osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential.

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6

Type of transport for osmosis

Passive transport (does not require energy).

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7

Selectively permeable membrane

A membrane that allows certain molecules (like water) to pass through while blocking others.

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8

Effect on animal cell in hypotonic solution

Water enters the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst (lysis).

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9

Effect on plant cell in hypotonic solution

Water enters the cell, making it turgid (firm) due to pressure against the cell wall.

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10

Effect on cell in hypertonic solution

Water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink (crenation in animal cells, plasmolysis in plant cells).

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11

Isotonic solution

A solution where water moves in and out of the cell at equal rates, so the cell stays the same size.

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