Senior Semester 2 Final Exam Review Units 3-5 Terms

Flashcards covering key terms from Units 3-5 for the Senior Semester 2 Final Exam Review.

Motivation

The reason or desire that drives someone to act or behave in certain ways

Instinct

Automatic inborn behavior or response is triggered by stimuli

Drive

Internal state of tension that pushes someone to satisfy a need

Homeostasis

Stable internal state

Set Point

Stable weight or condition your body naturally maintains through regulation of metabolism and appetite

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Principle that suggests there is an optimal level of arousal for best performance

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Pyramid shaped theory of human motivation that starts with basic physical needs to self fulfillment

Physiological Arousal

Heart rates, sweating

Expressive Behavior

Smile, crying

Conscious Experience

Thoughts and feelings

James-Lange Theory

Idea that emotions result of physical reactions to events

Cannon-Bard Theory

Idea that emotions and physical responses happen simultaneously

Two-Factor Theory

Idea that emotion is based on physical arousal and the interpretation of that arousal

Nature vs Nurture

Whether genetics (nature) or environment (nurture) plays a bigger role in shaping a person

Continuity vs Stages

Whether development is a smooth process (continuity) or happens at different moments (stages)

Stability vs Change

Debate if traits stay the same throughout life or change

Jean Piaget

Psychologist known for the theory of cognitive development and children

Projective Tests

Psychological test that uses ambiguous stimuli to review hidden emotions and thoughts

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder, characterized by extreme fear of gaining weight leading to self-starvation

Psychotherapy

Treatment for mental health issues through talking with a therapist

Biomedical Therapies

Medical treatments for mental health disorders

Aversive Conditioning

Therapy method that uses unpleasant stimuli to reduce unwanted behaviors

Placebo

Substance with no medical effect used as a control in experiments

Teratogens

Substance that can cause harm to a developing fetus

Habituation

Decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure

Secure Attachment

A healthy bond between caregiver and child where the child feels confident and safe

Insecure Attachment

No emotional bond where the child feels anxious or questions caregiver support

Lawrence Kohlberg

Psychologist known for his theory of moral development

Identify vs Role Confusion

Stage in Erikson's theory where teenagers explore their identity

Learning

A lasting change in behavior or knowledge due to experience

Classical Conditioning

Learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response

UCS (Unconditioned Stimulus)

Stimulus that naturally triggers a response

UCR (Unconditioned Response)

Natural automatic response to UCS

CS (Conditioned Stimulus)

Previously neutral stimulus that triggers a learned response after being paired with the UCS

CR (Conditioned Response)

Learned response to the conditioned stimulus

Operant Conditioning

Learning process where behavior is influenced by consequences or rewards

Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule

Reward after a set number of responses

Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schedule

Reward after an unpredictable number of responses

Fixed Interval Reinforcement Schedule

Reward after a set amount of time

Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedule

Reward after varying amount of time

ID

The part of the mind focused on immediate pleasure and basic instincts

Ego

Realistic part of the mind that mediates between the desires of the individual and the morals of the superego

Superego

The part of the mind that represents moral values and ideals