Teratogens for HEPD

embryology teratogens haha

alcohol

fetal alcohol syndrome: IUGR, mental deficiency, microcephaly, ocular anomalies, joint abnormalities, short palpebral fissures

androgens + high doses of progestogens

various degrees of masculinization of female fetuses: ambiguous external genitalia resulting in labial fusion and clitoral hypertrophy

aminopterin

IUGR; skeletal defects; CNS malformations, notably meroencephaly (most of the brain is absent)

carbamazepine

NTD, craniofacial defects, developmental retardation

cocaine

IUGR, prematurity, microcephaly, cerebral infarction, urogenital defects, neurobehavior disturbances

diethylstilbestrol

abnormalities of uterus and vagina, cervical erosion and ridges

isotertinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid)

craniofacial abnormalities; NTDs such as spina bifida cystica; cardiovascular defects; cleft palate; thymic aplasia

lithium carbonate

various defects, usually involving the heart and great vessels

methotrexate

multiple defects, especially skeletal, involving the face, cranium, limbs, and vertebral column

misoprostol

limb abnormalities, ocular and cranial nerve defects, autism spectrum disorder

phenytoin

fetal hydatoin syndrome: IUGR, microcephaly, mental deficiency, ridged frontal suture, inner epicanthal folds, eyelid ptosis, broad and depressed nasal bridge, phalangeal hypoplasia

tetracycline

stained teeth, hypoplasia of enamel

thalidomide

abnormal development of limbs such as meromelia (partial absence) and amelia (complete absence); facial defects; systemic anomalies such as cardiac, kidney, and ocular defects

trimethadione

development delay, v-shaped eyebrows, low-set ears, cleft lip and/or palate

valproic acid

craniofacial anomalies, NTDs, cognitive abnormalities, often hydrocephalus, heart and skeletal defects

warfarin

nasal hypoplasia, stippled epiphyses, hypoplastic phalanges, eye anomalies, mental deficiency

methylmercury

cerebral atrophy, spasticity, seizures, mental deficiency

polychlorinated biphenyls

IUGR, skin discoloration

cytomegalovirus

microcephaly, choriorentinitis, sensorineural hearing loss, delayed psychomotor/metal development, hepatosplenomegaly, hydrocephaly, cerebral palsy, brain (periventrical) calcification

hepatitis B virus

preterm birth, low birth weight, fetal macrosomia

herpes simplex

skin vesicles and scarring, chorioretinitis, hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia, petechiae, hemolytic anemia, hydraencephaly

human parvovirus B19

fetal anemia, nonimmune hydrops fetalis, fetal death

rubella virus

IUGR, postnatal growth retardation, cardiac and great vessel abnormalities, microcephaly, sensorineural deafness, cataract, microphthalmos, glaucoma, pigmented retinopathy, mental deficiency, neonate bleeding, hepatosplenomegaly, osteopathy, tooth defects

toxoplasma gondii

microcephaly, mental deficiency, microphthalmia, hydrocephaly, chorioretinitis, cerebral calcifications, hearing loss, neurological disturbance

treponema pallidum

hydrocephalus, congential deafness, mental deficiency, abnormal teeth and bones

venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

microcephaly, microphthalmia, cerebral agenesis, CNS necrosis hydrocephalus

varicella virus

cutaneous scars (dermatome distribution), neurologic defects, hydrocephaly, seizures, cataracts, microphthalmia, horner syndrome, optic atrophy, nystagmus, chorioretinitis, microcephaly, mental deficiency, skeletal anomalies, urogenital anomalies