organizer crime final exam

What do secondary organizations operate like?

Subsidiaries

What does FINTRAC stand for?

Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Center of Canada

What are 3 types of organizations?

Core, secondary and local

Where does cocaine come from?

Coco plant - indigenous to Peru and Bolivia

In 1970 how much cannabis did Columbian traffickers handle?

70% of US cannabis

When did Cocaine global coca bush cultivation reach a record high

In 2022- 354,9009 in Columbia

What are the 3 main countries for cocaine production?

1. Columbia

2. Peru

3. Bolivia

which country has majority of global cultivation area for cocaine?

Columbia has the majority ( 239,000 ha… 65%)

What country is 2nd for global cocoa bush cultivation?

Peru (95,000 ha…. 27%)

When did cocaine cultivation in Bolivia decrease

In late 1999’s due to government intervention

where do majority of cocaine seizures happens?

South America - 1196.97 tons

How is most cocaine seized

Trafficking over seas through shipping containers is where most serisures of cocaine happen

What is arguably the worlds most problematic drug?

Heroin

t/f the total area under opium poppy cultivation has increased

False, opium poppy cultivation has decrease by almost 70%

Where did majority of illicit opium production happen?

in 2023 Myanmar produced majority of opium

Over the last 20 years who was in first for most opium production?

Afghanistan

What country accounts for the vast majority of opium seized?

Majority of seized opium comes from Afghanistan ( 892 tons seized)

What was Balkan Route know for?

The single largest heroin traffic route

What are the largest most sophisticated outlaw motorcycle gangs?

• hella angles

• Outlaws

• Pagans

• Banditos

t/f hells angles is international?

True: hells angles is international, not domesticated ( 63 chapters, 13 countries)

What are identifications for motorcycle gangs?

• colour

• Membership jacket

• Logo/emblem ( sewn onto jacket, center of Jacket)

• Top rocker - group name

• Bottom rocker - region

Define corrupter.

Whose function is it to establish relationships with public officials and other influential person who assistance necessary to achieve the organization Goals

Define enforcer

Organizational integrity by ragging for the meaning or killing of recalcitrant Members

What are 3 necessary positions for outlaw motorcycle gangs

1. Corrupter

2. Corruptee

3. Enforcer

Who is often the national president of a gang?

The national president is often the founder and have authority over decisions and can override decisions that have been voted on

Who do secretary treasures do?

• Writing skills

• pay bills of chapter

• Accounting

• Chapter minutes

• Collects dues/fines

What is the road caption also known as?

logistician/ security chief

What are probationary or “ prospect” members know as?

Club hopefuls

• Probation = 1 month -1 year, prove worthiness ( requirement is offending), nominated by current member, end of probation is a vote ( unanimous), initiation ceremony( given colour)

Associates: honorary members have already

“Proven their worth”

Other honorary members involved in gangs but do not vote?

Lawyers, bail bond people, motleyctcke shop owners party but are non-voting

What is the largest source of income for outlaw motley cycle gangs?

Drug trafficking is the largest source KD income

Which motorcycle gang was formally known as the “Pissed Off Bastards of Bloomington”

Hells Angels

Where does hells angels have chapters?

Canada, England, Switzerland and Australia

How is hells angles structured?

Bureaucratically ( chain of command - national/ local levels)

Why are lower ranking members important?

They allow their leaders to avoid detection ( members can’t quit)

Where is the outlaws headquarters?

Detroit

which motorcycle gang is the youngest?

the Banditos are the youngest and fastest growing est. In 1966

Where is most opiates produced?

In Mexico/Central America and most of supply does go the US

What does ICCWC stand for?

International Consortium on Combatting Wildlife Crime

When did poaching of elephants and rhinoceros decrease?

In 2011 and again in 2015 burn decreased along with the demand for tusks/horns

T/f seizures of wildlife is uncommon?

False: seizures is wildlife occurs in most countries

• 1800,000 seizures from 148 countries/ territories

t/f it is legal to buy Rhino horns

false - there is no legal market to buy rhino horns in the world

what type of reports do Wildlife trafficking focus on?

• rosewood

• ivory and rhino horns

• big cats

• pangolins

• reptiles pets

• European eels

In the European Eel case study how many people were arrested and where?

29 people were arrested in spain

in the europe Eels case study what was the size of the seizure in weight and value?

the police seized 180kg og baby eels, cash value = 270,000

in teh eel case study what has been the result of covid restrictions being eased?

due to covid restrictions (flight resrictions) have been eased, eels smuggling has risen

in the European Eel case study how do organizations. illegally export the glass eels

smuggles camouflage elvers in hand luggage, specifically speacial bags that have been injected with oxygen. they also ship elvers through shekl complanies, hidding elvers on refrigerated food

during undercover operation what is a common technique used?

“buy and bust”

when an undercover police officer, purchases drugs, following the purchase there is an arrest

what are the distinctions between intelligence investigation vs criminal investigations

intelligence = proactive, closed files and report of activities (results)

criminal = reactive (after the fact), open files and arrest (results)

facts about intelligence operations

arrest and convictions are separate, there are no quick arrest and it has sine if the easiest cases

what is a common method used for going after a crime bosses?

headhuntimg

what did our last class end with?

a comment

why does organized crime continue to happen?

because it focuses in societies weakness ( gambling, drugs, borrowing money)

Diplomatic community, and TOC (transitional organized crime)

• Immunity/inviolability

• Not only – members of government/head of state also includes diplomatic agents

What are distinctions in diplomatic agents?

Privileges: equal mainly pertains the rights to certain activities and engage in relationship relationships, and other others are not entitled to

Immunity: Exemption from local jurisdiction

Diplomatic agents – immunity/privileges

1961; Vienna convention on diplomatic relations

What is an example of a diplomatic agent as a victim?

Counterfeit diplomatic bags

Reciprocity

Prohibited Era – Philadelphia = liquor syndicates union national bank

What is Quebec corruption inquiry?

Commission of inquiry into the tendering and management of public contracts in construction industry

What manager does co-op corruptions inquiry have?

1. Examine the awarding of public construction contracts by a wide variety of public, impaired public entitles call back during the last 15 years

2. Identify the specific techniques used by organize crime

what did recommendations from Quebec corruptions inquiry include?

• Creation of an independent authority to oversee public contracts

• Better protection for a whistleblower

• Requirement that construction companies report acts of intimidation or violence

• Increase penalties for construction companies that break the law up to and include cancelling their license on Quebec’s building authority

• Increase penalties for people who make use of so-called strawman schemes

What are the two different forms of Organized crime?

Organized crime: economic profit & market share

Terrorism: ideology and politics

What does the UN Security Council resolution(1373) on counter – terrorism make note of?

• Close connections of organized crime

• terrorism

• transnational organized crime

What structural similarities do organized crime and terrorist have in common?

Advantages to collaboration

What does globalization lead to?

• Global interactions

• Fading of borders

• Single market

• Mergers

• Regulation

• Communication tech technologies

• Large scale migration

What is an opposite view of organized crime?

Conservative meaning… Social and political problems “ Out of business”

What is organized crime a major revenue source for?

Drug trade

What is the 1990s Consolidation of” Crime – terror Nexus”?

The relationship between organized crime and Nexus

What are four Groups of relationship levels in crime – Terri continuum

1. Alliances

2. Operational motivation

3. Convergence

4. “ Black hole”

What is the most commonly cited area for alliance?

International drug trade

What are problems with alliances?

• Distrust

• Different priorities

• Different strategies

• New competition

What is the most common criminal involvement?

Illicit drug trade for terror groups

The “ black hole” is…

The most extreme point of continuum

What is considered a Canadian piece of legislation?

Proceeds of crime (money laundering) and terrorist financing acts

In relation to large cash transaction how much cash requires an automatic report

Receipt of $10,000 cash or more