Medical Assisting Pharmacology Diagram | Quizlet

Pharmacology

The science of drugs

OTC

over the counter

Pharmacognosy

The study of characteristics of natural drugs and their sources.

Pharmacodynamics

The study of what the drug does to the body.

Pharmacokinetics

The study of what the body does to the drug.

Pharmacotherapeutics

Clinical Pharmacology- the study of how drugs are used to treat disease. (Categories, Efficacy, and Safety)

Toxicology

The study of poisons or poisonous effects of drugs.

Perscribe

The doctor gives the patient and order or prescription for a drug.

Administer

A provider gives the drug directly to the patient by injection, or mouth or any other route, introducing the drug to their body.

TERM

Dispense

DEFINITION

A professional distributes the drug to the patient who is instructed how to use it.

Absorption

The process by which drug is converted from its dose form to a form the body can use in the bloodstream.

Distribution

The process of transporting a drug form the site of administration to the site of action.

Peak Plasma Levels

the length of time between dosing and availability in the bloodstream.

Metabolism

the process by which drug molecules are transformed into simpler products known as metabolites by the liver.

Excretion

Process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated from the body by urine, feces, perspiration, air, bile and breast milk

Indication

The purpose or reason for using a drug, as specified by the FDA

Drug Safety

____________________ is determined by how many and what kinds of adverse reactions are associated with a drug.

Efficacy

The therapeutic value of the drug for the patient.

Side effects

fairly mild or common reactions to a medication other than the intended reaction.

Adverse reactions

A severe physical or emotional side effect that results from drug use

Acute Therapy

Drug is prescribed to improve a life-threatening or serious condition, such as epinephrine for severe allergic reaction.

Empiric Therapy

A drug prescribed based on experience or observation until labs can rule out the best treatment options

Maintenance Therapy

Drug prescribed to maintain health or protect against exacerbations of a condition, chronic illness such as IBD

Palliative Therapy

A drug prescribed to reduce the severity of symptoms such as pain caused by cancer.

Prophylactic Therapy

Drug prescribed to prevent a condition or disease, such as immunizations and birth control.

Replacement Therapy

Drug prescribed to provide chemicals that are otherwise missing for a patient (hormone replacement therapy.)

Supportive Therapy

A Drug prescribed for a condition secondary to primary disease until that disease resolves. (corticosteroid to treat allergic rash.)

Supplemental therapy

drug prescribe to avoid a deficiency, ie iron for women who's pregnant

Generic Name

the official, non-proprietary name.

Trade Name

the brand, proprietary name, owned by the manufacturer for 17 years

FDA

Food and Drug Administration requires clinical testing, regulates drug manufacturing, OTC drugs, and prescription drugs, Drug shipping.

Analgesic

Relieves mild to severe pain (Tylenol)

Anesthetic

Prevents sensation of pain (Novocaine)

Antacid

Neutralizes acid in the stomach (Calcium Carbonate.)

Antidysrhythmics

Antiarrhythmic - normalizes heartbeat in cases of a cardiac arrhythmia. (Norpace)

Antibiotics

Kill bacterial microorganisms. (Penicillin)

Anticoagulent

Prevents the blood from clotting (Warfarin)

Antiemetic

drug that prevents or stops vomiting (Tigan)

Antifungal

kills or inhibits growth of fungi (Fungizone)

Antihistamine

a drug that blocks the effects of histamine in the body (Zyrtec)

Cathartic

induces defication, laxative, (Bisacodyl.)

Diuretic

increases the excretion of urine (Diuril, Lasix, Osmitrol)

TERM

Prescription drugs

DEFINITION

Require a written order from the physician to purchase or dispense.

-2015 Pregnancy categories

ABCDX

Pregnancy Labeling

Pregnancy and Fetal risk

Clinical considerations

Inadvertent exposure considerations

Prescribing decision for pregnant patients

Information for pregnancy exposure registry

Lactation Labeling

Information about amount of the drug in breast milk

Information about potential side effects of drug on breastfed infant

Female/Male reproductive potential

Information about need for pregnancy testing

Contraception recommendations

Information about infertility caused by the drug.

PDR

Physician's Desk Reference is a book containing more the 2500 drugs.

Section 1

the manufacturer's index (white)

Section 2

the brand and generic name index (pink)

Section 3

the category index (blue)

Section 4

the identification guide

Section 5

Product information section

Section 6

Diagnostic information section

USP-NF

United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary is the official source of drug standards in the US

AHFS

American Hospital Formulary Service

Package Insert

An information leaflet placed inside the container or package of prescription drugs. The FDA requires that the drug generic name, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, dosage, and route of administration be described in the leaflet. (PURPOSE, EFFECTS, WARNINGS, OVERDOSE, PRECAUTIONS, and ADVERSE REACTIONS)

Drug Label

Drug labels have specific information that identifies a specific drug the NAME, DOSE, STRENGTH, WARNINGS, FORM, ROUTE, MANUFACTURER and STORAGE.

Controlled Substances

a drug that is categorized as potentially dangerous and addictive

Opioids

Drugs that produce opium like effects

Narcotics

Government term for opioids

CSA

The Controlled substance act of 1970 created the DEA

Schedule I

Highest potential for abuse. This type of drug has no accepted medical use in the United States. (Heroin, LSD)

Schedule II

High abuse potential with severe dependence liability (Morphine, Demerol, narcotics, amphetamines, and barbiturates)

Schedule III

Drugs in this category are considered to be at moderate or low risk for physical dependence, and with current reasons for medical use. Includes anabolic steroids, most barbituates and ketamine.

Schedule IV

Abuse potential exists, but less than Sch III. Examples are: Ambien, Darvocet and Lorazepam.

Schedule V

Lowest abuse potential of the DEA Sch. Abuse potential exists, but less than Sch IV. Example: Cough medicine w/codeine or anti-diarrheals.

Form 224

Used to Register the Physician with the DEA

Form 221

DEA form used to order a scheduled drug.

Form 41

DEA form used to dispose of scheduled drugs

Subscription

the part of the prescription that gives directions to the pharmacist and usually designates the number of doses to be dispensed

Signa

Transcription gives instructions to the patient

E-perscribing

prescriptions entered electronically directly to the pharmacy

a

before

ac

before meals

bid

twice a day

c

with

IM

intramuscular

NPO

nothing by mouth

pc

after meals

pr

rectally

stat

immediately

SQ, Subcut

subcutaneously

vag

vaginally

Chiropractic

use of spinal adjustments to treat back/neck pain

Massage

used to treat headache and arthritis to promote healing through relaxation

Acupuncture

small electric current applied through needles to block pain (such as surgical pain.)

Yoga

posture used to exercise the spine and stimulate the lymphatic system (removes toxins that cause stiffness)

Meditation

balancing a persons physical, emotional, and mental states to treat anxiety or stress

Hypnotism

used to help patients overcome pain caused by stress induced migraine headaches.

Magnetic therapy

involves varying sizes of magnets used on the body to relieve pain.

Biofeedback

can help the patient learn to evoke relaxation and block pain perception.

CAM

complementary and alternative medicine

Toxoid

vaccines made from inactive toxins

Immunizations

vaccines made from organisms

Metabolite

a specific product of a substance, formed by chemical processes in the body

Immunization schedules

American academy of pediatrics, family physicians, and immunization recommendations

Antigens

Foreign material that invades the body

Digitoxin

Drug used to treat heart failure and made from the Foxglove plant.