Muscle relaxents chapter5

Muscle Relaxant

A drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases muscle tone, used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms and pain.

Neuromuscular blockers

Drugs used during surgical procedures and in intensive care to cause temporary paralysis.act peripherally

Spasmolytics

Also known as centrally acting muscle relaxants, they are used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms.

Neuromuscular junction

The site where motor neurons connect to muscles to control muscle contraction.

Non-depolarizing blocking agents

Agents that competitively block the binding of acetylcholine to its receptors at the neuromuscular junction.

Depolarizing blocking agents

Agents that act by depolarizing the muscle fiber membrane, making it resistant to further stimulation.

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A neurotransmitter that transmits signals between nerve cells and muscle cells.

Phase I (depolarizing phase)

The initial phase of depolarizing block where muscle twitches occur.

Phase II (desensitizing phase)

The phase of depolarizing block where the muscle becomes unresponsive to ACh after initial twitches.

Succinylcholine

A depolarizing neuromuscular blocker with rapid onset and short duration of action.

Malignant Hyperthermia

A life-threatening condition triggered by certain succniylcholine, leading to a severe increase in metabolism and muscle rigidity.

Neostigmine

A drug that inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine, used for reversing non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade.

Sugammadex

A novel agent that rapidly reverses the effects of neuromuscular blockers like rocuronium and vecuronium.

Rocuronium

A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a rapid onset and variable duration of action.

Atracurium

A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker known for causing histamine release and hypotension.

Vecuronium

A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, alternative to rocuronium for rapid sequence intubation.

Pancuronium

A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker that can cause tachycardia; not recommended for rapid sequence intubation.

Dantrolene

A medication used to treat malignant hyperthermia, acts by reducing calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.2.5 mg

Cisatracurium

An isomer of atracurium with fewer side effects and less dependence on hepatic inactivation.

Intraocular pressure

Pressure within the eye that may increase with succinylcholine administration.

Long acting

Pancuronium,metocurine

Intermediate (20-25min) drugs

Verocronium,rocronium,atracurium,cisatracurium

Short acting(15-20)

Mivacurium

Ultrashort acting(4-5min)

Succinylcholine

Side effects of succinylcholine

Malignant hyperthermia,myoalgesia,hyperkalemia

Atracurium side effects

Hypotension,histamine release, seizures ,cisatracuim is safer

Neostigtme dose

0.06 after 40%f function returns

Sugammadex dose

2-4 for rocronium and vecronium