Lesson 3 Grammar Nonsense

When to use the subjunctive (el supertivo) and how to form it

• Used in sentences to express will, influence, emotion, doubt, or denial

  • Formed by dropping the -o from the yo form and adding -e to -ar verbs and -a to -er and -ir verbs

Conocer in the subjunctive

conozca

Decir in the subjunctive

Diga

Hacer in the subjunctive

haga

Oir in the subjunctive

oíga

Poner in the subjunctive

Ponga

Seguir in the subjunctive

Siga

Tener in the subjunctive

Tenga

Traer in the subjunctive

Traiga

Venir in the subjunctive

Venga

Ver in the subjunctive

Vea

Dar in the subjunctive

Dé

Estar in the subjunctive

Esté

Ir in the subjunctive

Vaya

Saber in the subjunctive

Sepa

Ser in the subjunctive

Sea

Where do object pronouns go

In front of the conjugated verb

Double object pronouns

Indirect precedes the direct when used in a sentence together

Formal commands and their forms

• Used to give orders or advice to people you address as usted/ustedes

  • Forms are identical to the present subjunctive form (drop the -o from the yo form and add either e/a or en/an)

Familiar (tú) commands and their forms

• Used with people you refer to as tú

• Affirmative tú commands have the same form as the usted/el/ella form of the present indicative

  • Negative tú commands have the same form as the tú form of the present subjunctive

Irregular affirmative tú commands

Ven Di Sal Haz Ten Ve Pon Sé

Nosotros commands and their forms

• Used to give orders or suggestions that include yourself as well as others

• in English: Lets + [verb]

  • Affirmative and Negative nos commands are generally identical to the present subjunctive forms (emos or amos)

Using pronouns with commands

When object and reflexive pronouns are used with affirmative commands, they are always attached to the verb

• Dímelo todo (Tell me everything)

When used with negative commands, the pronoun appears b/w no and the verb

• No me los digas (Don’t tell it to me)