Inheritance (3.14-3.21)

Punnet square diagram

________: Shows the possible combinations of alleles that could be produced in the offspring.

Genotype

________: The combination of alleles that control each characteristic.

Blood cells

________ have antigens on their surface.

Proteins

________ are made by ribosomes with the sequence of amino acids controlled by the sequence of bases present in DNA.

Heterozygous

________: Pair of dissimilar alleles for a characteristic.

gene

I represents the ________ and the superscript A, B and O represent the alleles.

Males

________ have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome (XY)

Sex inheritance

________ depends on the presence of X and Y chromosomes.

Carriers

________ are females who do not show the characteristic, but have a 50 % chance of passing it on to their offspring.

Meiosis

________: Nuclear division giving rise to cells that are genetically different.

DNA

________ can't get from the nucleus to the ribosome, so the basic code for each gene is transcribed onto an RNA molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA)

Females

________ have two X chromosomes (XX)

Phenotype

________: The observable characteristics of an organism.

Chromosomes

________: A thread of DNA made up of genes.

Ribosomes

________ "read "the code on the mRNA in groups of three.

Homozygous

________: Pair of identical alleles control the same characteristic.

Codominance

________: Both alleles have an effect on the phenotype.

Mitosis

________: Nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells.

genetic diagram

A(n) ________ (Punnett square), with the X and Y chromosomes can be used to show the inheritance of sex.

Dominant

________ allele- Allele that is always expressed if present.

Monohybrid inheritance

________: the inheritance of characteristics controlled by a single gene (mono= one)

Uppercase letters

________ represent dominant alleles while lowercase letters represent recessive alleles.

→DNA controls

________ cell function by controlling the production of proteins.

Second division

________: chromosomes will line up along the centre of the cell, cell fibres will pull them apart (as with mitosis)

Blood Types

________ are an example of codominance.

Alleles IA

________ and IB are codominant, but both are dominant to IO.

recessive allele

A(n) ________ needs to be inherited from both parentsin order for the characteristic to show up in the phenotype.

proteins

The ________ may be enzymes, antibodies, or receptors for neurotransmitters.

Gene

________: short length of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein.

Chromosomes

________ line up along the centre of the cell where cell fibers pull them apart.

Inheritance

the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

Chromosomes

A thread of DNA made up of genes

Allele

Alternative version of the same gene

Gene

short length of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein

Haploid nucleus

Nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes (23 in humans)

Diploid nucleus

Nucleus containing pairs of chromosomes (23 pairs in humans/ 46)

Genotype

The combination of alleles that control each characteristic

Phenotype

The observable characteristics of an organism

Homozygous

Pair of identical alleles control the same characteristic

Heterozygous

Pair of dissimilar alleles for a characteristic

Mitosis

Nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells

Each chromosome in the nucleus copies itself exactly (forms x

shaped chromosomes)

Meiosis

Nuclear division giving rise to cells that are genetically different

First division

chromosomes pair up along the centre of the cell, recombination occurs and then cell fibres will pull the pairs apart, each new cell will have one of each recombinant chromosome pair

Second division

chromosomes will line up along the centre of the cell, cell fibres will pull them apart (as with mitosis)

Monohybrid inheritance

 the inheritance of characteristics controlled by a single gene (mono = one)

Dominant allele

Allele that is always expressed if present

Recessive allele

Allele that is only expressed if the dominant allele is not present

Punnet square diagram

Shows the possible combinations of alleles that could be produced in the offspring

Codominance

Both alleles have an effect on the phenotype