________: Shows the possible combinations of alleles that could be produced in the offspring.
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Genotype
________: The combination of alleles that control each characteristic.
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Blood cells
________ have antigens on their surface.
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Proteins
________ are made by ribosomes with the sequence of amino acids controlled by the sequence of bases present in DNA.
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Heterozygous
________: Pair of dissimilar alleles for a characteristic.
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gene
I represents the ________ and the superscript A, B and O represent the alleles.
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Males
________ have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome (XY)
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Sex inheritance
________ depends on the presence of X and Y chromosomes.
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Carriers
________ are females who do not show the characteristic, but have a 50 % chance of passing it on to their offspring.
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Meiosis
________: Nuclear division giving rise to cells that are genetically different.
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DNA
________ can't get from the nucleus to the ribosome, so the basic code for each gene is transcribed onto an RNA molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA)
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Females
________ have two X chromosomes (XX)
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Phenotype
________: The observable characteristics of an organism.
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Chromosomes
________: A thread of DNA made up of genes.
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Ribosomes
________ "read "the code on the mRNA in groups of three.
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Homozygous
________: Pair of identical alleles control the same characteristic.
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Codominance
________: Both alleles have an effect on the phenotype.
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Mitosis
________: Nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells.
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genetic diagram
A(n) ________ (Punnett square), with the X and Y chromosomes can be used to show the inheritance of sex.
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Dominant
________ allele- Allele that is always expressed if present.
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Monohybrid inheritance
________: the inheritance of characteristics controlled by a single gene (mono= one)
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Uppercase letters
________ represent dominant alleles while lowercase letters represent recessive alleles.
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→DNA controls
________ cell function by controlling the production of proteins.
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Second division
________: chromosomes will line up along the centre of the cell, cell fibres will pull them apart (as with mitosis)
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Blood Types
________ are an example of codominance.
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Alleles IA
________ and IB are codominant, but both are dominant to IO.
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recessive allele
A(n) ________ needs to be inherited from both parentsin order for the characteristic to show up in the phenotype.
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proteins
The ________ may be enzymes, antibodies, or receptors for neurotransmitters.
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Gene
________: short length of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein.
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Chromosomes
________ line up along the centre of the cell where cell fibers pull them apart.
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Inheritance
the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation
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Chromosomes
A thread of DNA made up of genes
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Allele
Alternative version of the same gene
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Gene
short length of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein
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Haploid nucleus
Nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes (23 in humans)
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Diploid nucleus
Nucleus containing pairs of chromosomes (23 pairs in humans/ 46)
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Genotype
The combination of alleles that control each characteristic
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Phenotype
The observable characteristics of an organism
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Homozygous
Pair of identical alleles control the same characteristic
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Heterozygous
Pair of dissimilar alleles for a characteristic
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Mitosis
Nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells
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Each chromosome in the nucleus copies itself exactly (forms x
shaped chromosomes)
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Meiosis
Nuclear division giving rise to cells that are genetically different
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First division
chromosomes pair up along the centre of the cell, recombination occurs and then cell fibres will pull the pairs apart, each new cell will have one of each recombinant chromosome pair
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Second division
chromosomes will line up along the centre of the cell, cell fibres will pull them apart (as with mitosis)
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Monohybrid inheritance
the inheritance of characteristics controlled by a single gene (mono = one)
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Dominant allele
Allele that is always expressed if present
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Recessive allele
Allele that is only expressed if the dominant allele is not present
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Punnet square diagram
Shows the possible combinations of alleles that could be produced in the offspring
Studied by 10 people
