Period 6 ID Terms

Jim Fisk and Jay Gould

Notorious businessmen known for their involvement in the financial corruption of the 1860s and 1870s.

'Boss' Tweed

Leader of the Tammany Hall political machine in New York City, notorious for political corruption.

Rutherford B. Hayes

19th President of the United States known for ending Reconstruction.

Compromise of 1877

Political agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election and resulted in the withdrawal of federal troops from the South.

Knights of Labor

First significant labor organization in the United States, founded in 1869.

AFL (American Federation of Labor)

A national federation of labor unions in the United States, founded in 1886.

Samuel Gompers

Founding president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL).

Jane Addams

Social reformer and pacifist known for co-founding Hull House to help immigrants.

Charles Darwin

Naturalist known for his theory of evolution and the principle of natural selection.

Salvation Army

Religious organization that provides social services and aid to the needy.

Booker T. Washington

African American educator and activist who promoted vocational training for Black Americans.

W.E.B. Du Bois

African American sociologist and civil rights activist who co-founded the NAACP.

William Randolph Hearst

Influential newspaper publisher known for his role in yellow journalism.

Horace Greeley

Founder of the New Yorker and a prominent newspaper editor and politician.

Joseph Pulitzer

Newspaper publisher who established the Pulitzer Prizes.

Emily Dickinson

American poet known for her unique style and themes of death and immortality.

Horatio Alger

Author known for his juvenile novels about impoverished boys achieving success.

Kate Chopin

Author known for her short stories and novels focused on women's lives and struggles.

Mark Twain

Pseudonym of Samuel Clemens, an American author known for his humor and social criticism.

Eugene B. Debs

Labor leader and socialist politician who ran for president several times.

Jack London

American author known for his novels about adventure and the wilderness.

Victoria Woodhull

Political activist and first woman to run for president of the United States.

Comstock Law

Federal act passed in 1873 that prohibited the sending of obscene materials through the mail.

Carrie Chapman Catt

Suffragist and women's rights activist who played a crucial role in the women's suffrage movement.

Ida B. Wells

African American journalist and activist who led an anti-lynching crusade.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Feminist writer known for her short story 'The Yellow Wallpaper' and social reform advocacy.

Carrie Nation

Radical temperance advocate known for her hatchet-wielding protests against liquor stores.

WCTU (Women's Christian Temperance Union)

Organization advocating for the prohibition of alcoholic beverages.

Mary Cassatt

American painter known for her works focusing on the lives of women and children.

Winslow Homer

American painter and printmaker known for his landscape and marine subjects.

Augustus Saint-Gaudens

American sculptor known for his public monuments and portraits.

Frederic Remington

Artist known for his paintings and sculptures of the American West.

Col. J. M. Chivington

Military officer notorious for his role in the Sand Creek Massacre.

George Armstrong Custer

Military officer known for his role in the Indian Wars and the Battle of Little Bighorn.

Sitting Bull

Lakota leader and chief who resisted U.S. government policies.

Geronimo

Apache leader who fought against U.S. and Mexican military campaigns.

Helen Hunt Jackson

Author and activist for Native American rights.

Dawes Severalty Act

1887 law that aimed to assimilate Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land.

Buffalo Soldiers

African American soldiers who served in the U.S. Army after the Civil War.

Homestead Act

1862 law that provided land to settlers for a small fee if they improved it.

Pullman Strike

A nationwide railroad strike in 1894 that ended in federal intervention.

Mother Jones

Labor activist known for her work in organizing and advocating for workers' rights.

Haymarket Riot

A labor protest rally in 1886 that turned violent.

Chief Joseph

Leader of the Nez Perce tribe known for his resistance to U.S. military efforts to relocate his people.

Buffalo Bill Cody

Showman known for his Wild West shows that popularized the American frontier.

Annie Oakley

Famous sharpshooter and performer in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show.

Phineas T. Barnum

Showman and founder of the circus; known for promoting hoaxes and curiosities.

Jim Crow Laws

State laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 federal law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers.

Grover Cleveland

Only U.S. president to serve two non-consecutive terms.

William McKinley

25th President of the United States, known for leading the nation during the Spanish-American War.

Homestead Strike

Labor strike in 1892 against the Carnegie Steel Company.

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad system that connected the East and West coasts of the United States.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Business tycoon who made his wealth in railroads and shipping.

John D. Rockefeller

Founder of Standard Oil and a leading figure in the oil industry.

Thomas Alva Edison

Inventor and businessman known for the phonograph and the electric light bulb.

Alexander Graham Bell

Inventor credited with inventing the first practical telephone.

Andrew Carnegie

Industrialist who led the expansion of the American steel industry.

J. P. Morgan

Financier and banker who helped to organize the U.S. Steel Corporation.

Gospel of Wealth

Philosophy that wealthy individuals have a responsibility to use their wealth for the greater good.