Chapter 7: Chemical Quantities and Reactions

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32 Terms

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Mole
A group of atoms, molecules, or formula units that contains 6.02 x 10^23 of these items.
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Avogadro’s Number
The number of items in a mole, is equal to 6.02 x 10^23.
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Formula Unit
The groups of ions represented by the formula of an ionic compound.
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Molar Mass
The quantity in grams that equals the atomic mass of an element.
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Chemical Change
It occurs when a substance is converted into one or more new substances that have different formulas and different properties.
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Chemical Reactions
These always involve chemical change because atoms of the reacting substances form new combinations with new properties.
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Chemical Equation
It tells us the materials we need and the products that will form.
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Balanced Equations
These show the same number of atoms for each element in the reactants as well as in the products.
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Coefficients
The whole numbers in front of the formulas.
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Law of Conservation of Matter
This States that matter cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction.
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Combination Reactions
Reaction from two or more elements or compounds bond that forms one product.
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Decomposition Reactions
These occur when a reactant splits into two or simpler products.
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Replacement Reactions
The element in a compound are replaced by other elements.
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Single replacement reaction
A reacting element switches place with an element in the other reacting compound.
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Double replacement reaction
The positive ions in the reacting compounds switch places.
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Combustion Reactions
A carbon-containing compound, usually a fuel burns in oxygen from the air to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of heat or flame.
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
* **E**lectrons are transferred from one substance to another.
* If one substance loses electrons, another substance must gain electrons.
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Oxidation
The loss of electrons.
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Reduction
The gain of electrons.
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cells of the body
In the ______, the oxidation of organic (carbon) compounds involves the transfer of hydrogen atoms, which are composed of electrons and protons.
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biochemical oxidation–reduction
In _____ reactions, the transfer of hydrogen atoms is necessary for the production of energy in the cells.
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Law of Conservation of Mass
States that there is no change in the total mass of the substances reacting in a chemical reaction.
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mole–mole
The coefficients in an equation describing the relationship between the moles of any two components are used to write _____ factors.
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Activation Energy
The amount of energy required to break the bonds between atoms of the reactants.
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Collision
In this condition the reactants must collide
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Orientation
In this condition the reactants must align properly to break and form bonds.
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Energy
In this condition the collision must provide the energy of activation.
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Heat of reaction
It is the difference between the energy of the reactants and the energy of the products.
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Exothermic Reaction
The energy of the products is lower than the energy of the reactants.
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Endothermic Reaction
The energy of the products is higher than that of the reactants.
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Rate of Reaction
It is measured by the amount of reactant used up, or the amount of product formed, in a certain period of time.
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Catalyst
It acts by providing an alternate pathway with a lower energy requirement.