Beef Cattle Management
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34 Terms
How many cattle are there in the US
about 87 million
how much beef does the US produce compared to the world
about 20% of the world’s beef
How much beef does one person eat per year in the US
around 58 pounds
How much money does beef bring into the US each year
about $108 billion
what are the common beef cattle breeds in the US
Angus, hereford, simmental, limousin, charolais, and brahman
what’s special about angus cattle
they’re known for high quality beef with good marbeling
Why are brahman cattle important in the south
They handle heat and insects well
What is a cow-calf operation
It’s a farm where cows give birth and raise calves until they’re weaned
How long do calves stay with their mothers
usually 6-10 months
what happens after calves are weaned
they’re sold to stocker or feedlot operations
What do stocker operations do
they raise weaned calves on grass to help them grow before entering a feedlot
why do farmers use stocker operations?
it’s cheaper to put weight on calves using grass instead of grain
What is a feedlot
a place where cattle are fed grain to grow quickly before slaughter
how long do cattle stay in feedlots
4-6 months
what does cattle eat in a feedlot
mostly corn or other grains
When do heifers first have a calf
about 2 years old
how long is a cow pregnant
about 9 months (283 days)
Why do cattle need to be vaccinated
to prevent disease and keep the herd healthy
what are common cattle vaccines used for
respiratory disease, clostrdial diseases, and parasites
What affects the quality of beef
genetics, diet, health, and stress levels
What is “marbling”
The white fat inside meat that makes beef juicy and flavorful
How do we decrease dust in feedlots?
sprinklers
How do we decrease odor in feedlots?
Pen maintenance
How do we decrease flies in feedlots?
composting, and fly parasites
How do we decrease water pollution in feedlots?
Quality monitoring
What is USDA Quality Grade based on
Maturity (younger=better), and marbling in the ribeye
From best to worst grading for beef
Prime, Choice, Select, Standard, Commercial, Utility, Cutter, Canner
What is USDA Yield grade
It indicates edible meat amount: Grades 1 (best)-Grades 5 (worst)
Who inspects the meat?
FSIS
What law does FSIS follow when inspecting meat
Federal Meat Inspection Act
Who does the grading for beef?
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service
What is the cow estrous cycle called
Non Seasonally Polyestrous
When would breeding season be for cows?
Late spring or early summer
What factors should you follow when breeding heifers?
Size
breed at 65% of projected adult weight and height
Age
breed by 15 months so that heifers calve for the first time at 2 years of age
Date
Early in the season so they calve 20-30 days before cows
Note 
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